FIG 1.

Dynamic one-compartment in vitro infection model (“chemostat”). Fresh medium is added continuously while culture contents are removed at the same rate to maintain a constant volume. (A) Chemostat model for simulating a monoexponential decline of drug concentrations after intravenous dosing; the antibiotic(s) is/are dosed into the central reservoir as bolus doses or zero-order infusions. (B) Chemostat for oral dosing, which can simulate drug concentration-time profiles with first-order absorption and elimination; typically, the antibiotic(s) is/are dosed into the antibiotic reservoir as bolus doses.