TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristicsa
| Patient baseline characteristic | Value(s) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VPT (n = 366) |
VC (n= 1,734) |
P | VPT (n = 366) |
VM (n = 392) |
P | |
| Age ± SD | 56.7 ± 16.8 | 58.6 ± 17.4 | 0.072 | 56.7 ± 16.8 | 58.1 ± 15.5 | 0.250 |
| No. (%) of males | 189 (51.6) | 938 (54.1) | 0.392 | 189 (51.6) | 221 (56.4) | 0.191 |
| Body weight, kg ± SD | 87.9 ± 32.5 | 82.1 ± 87.9 | 0.002 | 87.9 ± 32.5 | 83.6 ± 32.5 | 0.055 |
| ICU location (%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| MICU | 105 (28.7) | 829 (47.8) | 105 (28.7) | 249 (63.5) | ||
| SICU | 248 (67.8) | 523 (30.2) | 248 (67.8) | 104 (26.5) | ||
| NNICU | 13 (3.6) | 382 (22.0) | 13 (3.6) | 39 (9.9) | ||
| APACHE II [IQR] | 16.02 [12.02–20.01] | 16.01 [12.02–20.01] | 0.855 | 16.02 [12.02–20.01] | 17.01 [13.02–21.01] | 0.043 |
| Charlson score [IQR] | 3 [1–5] | 3 [1–6] | 0.141 | 3 [1–5] | 3 [2–6] | 0.005 |
| No. (%) with sepsis | 205 (56.0) | 688 (39.7) | <0.0001 | 205 (56.0) | 213 (54.3) | 0.643 |
| No. (%) with mechanical ventilation | 189 (51.6) | 913 (52.7) | 0.724 | 189 (51.6) | 203 (51.8) | 0.968 |
| No. (%) with SBP < 90 mm Hg | 271 (74.0) | 1097 (63.3) | <0.0001 | 271 (74.0) | 285 (72.7) | 0.677 |
| No. (%) with vasopressor use | 187 (51.1) | 783 (45.2) | 0.038 | 187 (51.1) | 218 (55.6) | 0.213 |
| No. (%) with nephrotoxin exposure | ||||||
| No. of concomitant nephrotoxins ≥ 1 | 278 (76.0) | 1,353 (78.0) | 0.387 | 278 (76.0) | 324 (82.7) | 0.023 |
| No. of concomitant nephrotoxins ≥ 2 | 152 (41.5) | 741 (42.7) | 0.672 | 152 (41.5) | 179 (45.7) | 0.252 |
| No. of concomitant nephrotoxins ≥ 3 | 63 (17.2) | 289 (16.7) | 0.799 | 63 (17.2) | 73 (18.6) | 0.613 |
| Baseline WBC [IQR] | 15.5 [11.2–21.4] | 12.8 [8.9–18.3] | <0.0001 | 15.5 [11.2–21.4] | 14.3 [9.4–20.3] | 0.747 |
| Baseline CrCl [IQR] | 65.5 [46.8–94.0] | 69.0 [47.0–90.0] | 0.902 | 65.5 [46.8–94.0] | 65.0 [46.0–88.0] | 0.185 |
| No. (%) with CHF | 67 (18.3) | 457 (26.4) | 0.001 | 67 (18.3) | 101 (25.8) | 0.013 |
| No. (%) with COPD | 123 (33.6) | 623 (35.9) | 0.399 | 123 (33.6) | 128 (32.7) | 0.780 |
| No. (%) with diabetes | 86 (23.5) | 341 (19.7) | 0.098 | 86 (23.5) | 80 (20.4) | 0.304 |
| No. (%) with severe hepatitis | 21 (5.7) | 73 (4.2) | 0.199 | 21 (5.7) | 41 (10.5) | 0.018 |
| Initial vancomycin dose (mg) per 24 h [IQR] | 2,000 [1,750–3,000] | 2,000 [1,500–3,000] | 0.087 | 2,000 [1,750–3,000] | 2,000 [1,500–2,500] | 0.002 |
| Initial vancomycin trough (μg/ml) [IQR] | 12.0 [8.1–18.0] | 11.6 [7.9–17] | 0.034 | 12.0 [8.1–18.0] | 12.0 [8.2–18.1] | 0.804 |
| No. of days of antibiotic therapy [IQR] | 4.0 [3.0–5.0] | 3.0 [3.0–5.0] | 0.643 | 4.0 [3.0–5.0] | 3.0 [2.0–5.75] | 0.236 |
a
P values are shown for comparisons made separately between VPT and VC and between VPT and VM. Abbreviations: CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CrCl, creatinine clearance; IQR, interquartile range; MICU, medical intensive care unit; NNICU, neurosurgical/neurological intensive care unit; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SICU, surgical/burn/trauma intensive care unit; VC, vancomycin plus cefepime; VM, vancomycin plus meropenem; VPT, vancomycin plus piperacillin-tazobactam; WBC, white blood cell count.