TABLE 1.

Studies comparing for ≤10 versus >10 days of antibiotic treatment for bacteremia due to Enterobacteriaceae

Reference	Study design; study period; countrya	No. of patients who received antibiotics; causative pathogen; source(s) of bacteremia	Aggregate Newcastle-Ottawa scale scoreb	Outcome by duration, no. of patients/total no. of patientsc
				Clinical cure		All-cause mortality		Relapse
				Short-course	Long-course	Short-course	Long-course	Short-course	Long-course
Chotiprasitsakul et al. (10)	Retrospective propensity score-matched cohort; 2008–2014; USA	770; Enterobacteriaceae (46.9% Escherichia coli); uncomplicated, 36.1% urinary tract, 19.9% gastrointestinal tract, 16.2% biliary tract, 13.8% catheter-associated, 9% pneumonia, 4% skin and soft tissue	*******	NR	NR	30-day, 37/385	30-day, 39/385	30-day, 5/385	30-day, 9/385
Giannella et al. (20)	Retrospective cohort; 2013–2016; Italy	856; E. coli; 51.3% urinary tract, 15.4% primary, 13.7% biliary tract, 11.1% intra-abdominal, 3.9% lower respiratory tract, 2.1% CVCd, 1.1% skin and soft tissue	********	90-day, 344/426	90-day, 341/430	90-day, 11/426	90-day, 13/430	90-day, 23/426	90-day, 19/430
Yahav et al. (19)	MC open-label noninferiority RCT; Israel, Italy	604; 90% Enterobacteriaceae (65% E. coli); 68% urinary tract	NA	NR	NR	90-day, 36/306	90-day, 32/298	90-day, 8/306	90-day, 8/298
Mercuro et al. (21)	Retrospective cohort; 2013–2016; USA	224; Enterobacteriaceae (71.4% E. coli); 71% urinary tract, 21.4% intra-abdominal, skin and soft tissue, pneumonia, catheter-related, unknown source	*****	30-day, 45/51	30-day, 150/173	NR	NR	NR	NR
Nelson et al. (11)	Retrospective cohort; 2010–2013; USA	411; Enterobacteriaceae (66% E. coli); uncomplicated, 69% urinary tract	*******	NR	NR	90-day, 8/91e	90-day, 7/199e	90-day, 6/91e	90-day, 15/199e

^aMC, multicenter; RCT, randomized clinical trial.

^bNA, not applicable.

^cNR, not reported.

^dCVC, central venous catheter.

^eThe data provided by the authors of the study after request were the following: 13 and 19 treatment failures (defined as mortality plus relapse) in the short- and long-course groups, and 26 and 95 patients lost to follow-up at day 90 in each group, respectively; 91 and 199 patients were evaluable at day 90 in the short- and long-course groups, respectively; treatment failures comprised 8 deaths plus 6 recurrences (1 patient died after recurrence) in the short-course group and 7 deaths plus 15 recurrences (3 patients died after recurrence) in the long-course group.