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Differential expressions of TGF‐β1‐mediated signal pathway mediators at various times. (a) Involvement of p38/JUNK, ERK1/2 and SMAD2‐mediated signal pathways in ASC CM induction of chondrogenic differentiation of cultured ASCs. Inhibition of SMAD2 activation using the specific inhibitor SB431542l resulted in blocked chondrogenic activity in ASCs. (b) p38/JUNK, ERK1/2 and SMAD2 activation gradually increased in a CM concentration‐dependent manner (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).
