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. 2010 Apr 28;43(3):249–261. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2010.00680.x

Figure 5.

Figure 5

  TGF‐β1 and BMP4 being crucial in ASC CM‐induced chondrogenesis in cultured ASCs and nature of mechanism involved. (a) Blockage of CM‐derived TGF‐β1 using anti‐TGF‐β1 antibody resulted in prominent decrease of chondrogenic activity of CM and also inhibited TGF‐β1‐mediated activation and expression of signalling molecules such as SMAD, SAPK/JUNK and ERK1/2. (b) Effective blockage of CM‐derived BMP4 using anti‐BMP4 antibody resulted in prominent decrease of chondrogenic activity of CM and also blocked related activation of signalling molecules such as SMAD, SAPK/JUNK and ERK1/2. (c) Several chondrogenenesis‐related transcription factors and BMP4 expression before and after treatment with ASC CM. (d) Schematic flowchart of major signalling pathways important in CM‐stimulated chondrogenesis in cultured ASCs (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).