Hughes 2010.
| Methods | Setting: Columbia, SC, Albuquerque, NM and Florence, SC; Recruitment: Through newspaper and radio ads |
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| Participants | 746 adult smokers of ≥ 15 cigs/day, interested in quitting gradually in the next 30 days, 46% M, av. age 46, av. cigs/day 23 | |
| Interventions | 1. Brief advice TC (2 sessions ‐ 5 mins before, and 10 mins after quit day) 2. Abrupt cessation TC (5 sessions ‐ 30 mins between 7 and 21 days before quit day, 10 mins subsequently 2 days before, 2, 7 and 14 days after quit day) 3. Gradual cessation TC (not used in this review due NRT being administered before and after quit day) In arms 1 and 2, participants were sent the US National Cancer Institute’s Clearing the Air booklet, as well as nicotine lozenges after quit day |
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| Outcomes | Abstinence at 6 m (prolonged 2 weeks post‐quit day to 6 m abstinence) Validation: CO level (cut‐off not reported) | |
| Notes | New for 2018 update Funding: "The conduct of this study and preparation of the manuscript was funded by grant DA‐017825 (JH), Senior Scientist Award DA‐00490 (JH) and Institutional Training Grant DA‐07242 (EP) from the US National Institute on Drug Abuse." Declarations of interest: "Since 1/1/2007, Dr Hughes has received research grants from the National Institute on Health and Pfizer. Pfizer develops and sells smoking cessation medications. During this time, he has accepted honoraria or consulting fees from several non‐profit and for‐profit organizations and companies that develop, sell or promote smoking cessation products or services or educate/advocate about smoking cessation: Abbot Pharmaceuticals; Acrux; Aradigm; American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry; American Psychiatric Association; Begbies Traynor; Cambridge Hospital, Cline, Davis and Mann; Constella Group; Consultants in Behavior Change; Dean Foundation, DLA Piper, EPI‐Q, European Respiratory Society, Evotec; Exchange Limited; Fagerstrom Consulting; Free and Clear Glaxo‐Smith Kline; Golin Harris; Healthwise; Insyght; Informed, Invivodata; Johns Hopkins University; JL Reckner; Maine Medical Center; McNeil Pharmaceuticals; Novartis Pharmaceuticals; Oglivy Health PR, Ottawa Heart Institute, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals; Pinney Associates; Propagate Pharmaceuticals. Reuters; Scientia, Selecta; Temple University of Health Sciences; University of Arkansas; University of California‐San Francisco; University of Cantabria; University of Kentucky, US National Institutes on Health; Wolters Publishing, and Xenova." |
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| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Quote: "statistician generated a concealed allocation sequence and randomized participants to the gradual, abrupt, or minimal treatment conditions in a 2:2:1 ratio using blocked randomization (stratified by city and counselor) based on the SAS procedure PLAN" |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not described |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Biochemical verification |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Similar low percentage (˜21%) lost to follow‐up between groups |