Figure 5.

Differential expression genes between ${\mathbf{P}}_{{\mathbf{75}}^{+}}$ EMSC s and ${\mathbf{P}}_{{\mathbf{75}}^{-}}$ EMSC s. (a) Heatmap of differential genes between ${\mathrm{P}}_{{75}^{+}}$ EMSCs and ${\mathrm{P}}_{{75}^{-}}$ EMSCs; (b) Pathway mapping of differential expression genes between ${\mathrm{P}}_{{75}^{+}}$ EMSCs and ${\mathrm{P}}_{{75}^{-}}$ EMSCs; C and D: Real‐time PCR (c) and Western blot (d) confirmed that Smad4 was higher expressed in ${\mathrm{P}}_{{75}^{+}}$ EMSCs than ${\mathrm{P}}_{{75}^{-}}$ EMSCs; *P < 0.05; (e and f) Under induction with HAT‐CM for 3 days, Western blot showed that ${\mathrm{P}}_{{75}^{+}}$ EMSCs expressed higher level of DSP and DMP1 than ${\mathrm{P}}_{{75}^{-}}$ EMSCs and knock‐down of SMAD4 in ${\mathrm{P}}_{{75}^{+}}$ EMSCs resulted in a significantly decreased DSP and DMP1 expression (e); in ${\mathrm{P}}_{{75}^{-}}$ EMSCs, activated SMAD4 by treatment with kartogenin significantly increased DSP and DMP1 expression (f).