Figure 3.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles suppressed 661W cell migration. Real‐time measurements of cell impedance performed using a real‐time cell electronic sensing system. Cells were pre‐treated with ZnO nanoparticles for 1 h, and were then resuspended in serum‐free medium and placed in the upper chamber of CIM‐Plate 16. Meanwhile, the lower chambers contained 165 μl of DMEM medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (a–d). By contrast, cells seeded in serum‐free DMEM in both lower and upper chambers were as negative control (e).