Figure 8.

Zinc oxide ( ZnO ) nanoparticles reduced expression of transforming growth factor‐β ( TGF ‐β) and matrix metalloproteinases ( MMP ‐9) in 661W cells. Alterations in TGF‐β and MMP‐9 both at mRNA (a) and protein (b) levels were performed using quantitative real‐time PCR and ELISA respectively. Cells were exposed to designated concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles either for 2 h (for mRNA determination) or for 5 h (for protein determination). Results represented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments.