Figure 5.

  Activation of caspase‐8 and ‐9 in oleanolic‐ and lectin‐induced apoptosis. (a) Cells were treated with TT, viscum or viscumTT for 24 h in presence or absence of 100 μm Z‐VAD‐fmk, Z‐IETD‐fmk or Z‐LEHD‐fmk. Effects of caspase inhibitors were analysed by annexin V/propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry (±SD, n = 3). Asterisks represent statistically significant differences compared to control groups (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.005). (b) NALM‐6 cells were incubated for 24 h with indicated doses of VAE. Caspase‐8 and‐9 activity was measured by FITC‐LEHD and FITC‐IETD and flow cytometry (±SD, n = 3). Synergism was calculated via fractional product of Webb; *Fp > 1, displays synergistic effect of viscumTT.