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. 2015 Feb 10;48(2):239–248. doi: 10.1111/cpr.12173

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharides ( Pg‐ LPS) at 0.1 μg/ml improved immunomodulatory properties of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ( BMMSC s) via promoting their nitric oxide ( NO ) production. (a) BMMSCs pre‐treated with 0.1 μg/ml Pg‐LPS for 12 h were co‐cultured with activated splenocytes (SP) cells at 1:1 ratio for 48 h. Supernatants from the co‐culture system were assayed for nitrates using a modified Griess reagent. (b) Treated as described in (a), total protein of BMMSCs was collected and iNOS expression was assessed by western blot analysis. (c–f) BMMSC pre‐treated with 0.1 μg/ml LPS for 12 h co‐cultured with activated splenocytes (SP) cells at 1:1 ratio for 48 h with or without iNOS inhibitor, l‐NMMA (100 μm), then assay for apoptosis of activated T cells (c, d), iNOS expression of BMMSCs (e) and nitrate production (f) was performed. Results are representative of three independent experiments expressed as mean ± SD, n = 4; statistical significance is shown as (*) P < 0.05. LPS, lipopolysaccharides from Porphyromonas gingivalis.