Table 4.
Cell‐free microRNAs as biomarkers for cancer metastasis
| Body fluid | Cancer | miRNAs | Biomarker for | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plasma | CRC | miR‐96, miR‐203, miR‐141 and miR‐200b | miR‐96 distinguished stage I–IV CRC from HC; miR‐203 distinguished stage III–IV CRC patients from stage I–II; miR‐141 differentiated stage IV CRC from stage I–III patients; miR‐96 and miR‐200b were independent prognostic factors for overall survival | 187 |
| Plasma | BC | miR‐200a, miR‐200b, miR‐200c, miR‐210, miR‐215 and miR‐486‐5p | Onset of metastasis | 188 |
| Plasma | Breast cancer (BC) | miR‐16, miR‐107, miR‐130a and miR‐146 | Predicts lymph node metastasis | 185 |
| Serum | GC | miR‐203 | Predicts metastases, early recurrence and poor prognosis | 183 |
| Serum | Small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) | miR‐184, miR‐574‐5p, miR‐874, miR‐3074‐5p, miR‐4459, miR‐4685‐5p and miR‐4746‐3p | SCLC metastasis | 189 |
| Cerebrospinal fluid | Glioma | miR‐21 | Tumour spinal/ventricle metastasis | 107 |
| Plasma | Gastric cancer (GC) | miR‐214 | GC diagnosis and distant metastasis | 198 |
| Serum | Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) | miR‐106a | Higher risk of metastasis to lymph node | 190 |
| Plasma | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) | miR‐101 | Distant metastatic | 191 |
| Serum | Melanoma | miR‐210 | Early systemic melanoma recurrence | 192 |
| Serum | Colorectal cancer (CRC) | miR‐200c | Predicts metastatic phenotype, lymph node metastasis, liver metastasis and the development of distant metastasis | 174 |
| Serum | GC | miR‐218 | Metastasis | 193 |
| Plasma | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) | miR‐9 | Metastasis | 194 |
| Serum | Cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) | miR‐1246, miR‐20a, miR‐2392, miR‐3147, miR‐3162‐5p and miR‐4484 | Predictive for lymph node metastasis in patients with early‐stage CSCC | 195 |
| Serum | GC | miR‐21, miR‐146a and miR‐148a | Metastasis to lymph node | 196 |
| Serum | Melanoma | miR‐29c and miR‐324‐3p | Metastasis | 197 |