Figure 1.

Experimental design to test RT‐PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence. a, b and c represent 7‐day, 4‐day and 1‐day groups respectively, and each group contains group A (co‐culture + LIPUS), group B (co‐culture without LIPUS), group C (SCs culture + LIPUS) and group D as control (SCs culture). a1, b1 and c1 respectively display the cells of the third passage planted at culture plate with an appropriate density. a2, b2 and c2 indicate the SCs were cultured after 24 h of the cells planted at plate and group A and C were treated by LIPUS exposure (1.0 MHz frequency, 20% duty ratio, 20 mW/cm² intensity) for 10 min every day. Finally, after 10 min LIPUS followed by incubation on the 8th day, cells were harvested by different methods