Table 2.
Autophagy‐related drugs or chemical compounds in CBM
| Drugs or chemical compounds | Autophagic pathways | Cell lines and primary cells | Autophagy role | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Autophagy inducers | ||||
| Quercetin | – | U373MG cell line | Pro‐survival | 67 |
| Bortezomib | – | U251 and U87 cell lines | Pro‐survival | 68 |
| Perifosine | – | U87MG and U251MG cell lines | Pro‐survival | 65 |
| Vodiamine | Calcium‐mediated JNK activation | U87MG cell line | Pro‐survival | 62 |
| NVP‐BEZ235 | PI3K/mTOR inhibition | LN229, SF763, U373 and U87 cell lines and human primary glioma GS2 cells | Pro‐survival | 63 |
| Erlotinib | – | U87MG cell line | Pro‐survival | 69 |
| EMAP‐II | PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 axis Inhibition | U87‐MG cell line | Pro‐death | 70 |
| TMZ | – | U‐87 cell line | Pro‐death | 71 |
| Imipramine | PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibition | U87‐MG cell line | Pro‐death | 73 |
| CM | – | U‐87MG and GBM8401 cell lines | – | 74 |
| Sulfinlsine | – | NCI‐H460 and U87 cell lines | – | 75 |
| Concanavalin‐A | Up‐regulation of BNIP3 and Atg3/Atg12/Atg16L | U‐87 cell line | – | 76 |
| EDL‐291 | – | C6, U87 and U251 cell lines | – | 77 |
| Bromopyruvate | – | GL‐15 cell line | – | 78 |
| Curcumin | – | Glioma‐initiating cells from human GBM samples | – | 79 |
| Autophagy inhibitors | ||||
| Ceramide (C6) | – | U87MG and U251MG cell lines | Pro‐survival | 65 |
| ZD6474 | PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibition | U251 and U87MG cell lines | Pro‐survival | 66 |
| TQ | – | T98G and U87MG cell lines | Pro‐survival | 58 |