Table 4.
Autophagy‐related drugs or chemical compounds in HCC
| Drugs or chemical compounds | Autophagic pathways | Cell lines and primary cells | Autophagy role | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Autophagy inducers | ||||
| Nilotinib | AMPK activation | PLC5, Huh‐7 and Hep3B cell lines | Pro‐death | 100 |
| RAD001 | mTORC1 inhibition | SK‐Hep1 cells | Pro‐death | 101 |
| Andrographolide | Disruption of MTP and elevation of ROS | Huh‐7, QGY‐7703 and Bel‐7402 cell lines | Pro‐death | 102 |
| Bufalin | Inhibition of Akt/mTOR | SK‐HEP‐1 cell line | Pro‐death | 103 |
| Oroxylin A | Inhibition of PI3K‐PTEN‐Akt‐mTOR | HepG2 and SMMC‐7721 cell lines | Pro‐death | 104 |
| SB203580 | Activation of AMPK and DAPK | HepG2, Hep3B, Huh‐7, PLC/PRF/5 and SK‐Hep‐1 cell lines | Pro‐death | 105 |
| Galangin | Increase of p53 expression | HepG2 cell line | Pro‐death | 106 |
| Fangchinoline | Activation of p53/Sestrin2/AMPK signalling | HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5 cell lines | Pro‐death | 107 |
| Baicalin | – | SMMC‐7721 cell line | Pro‐death | 108 |
| Cisplatin | Down‐regulation of miR‐199a‐5p | Huh‐7 cells, HepG2 cell lines | Pro‐survival | 109 |
| NVP‐BEZ235 | – | Hep3B and PLC/PRF/5 cell lines | Pro‐survival | 110 |
| C6‐ceramide | – | HepG2 cell line | Pro‐survival | 111 |
| Bevacizumab | – | SMMC‐7721 and Hep3B cell lines | Pro‐survival | 112 |
| Bortezomib | – | PLC/PRF/5, Huh‐7, MHCC‐97H cell lines | Pro‐survival | 113 |
| MG‐132 | ||||
| AS‐6 | – | HepG2 cell line | – | 117 |
| Panobinostat | – | Huh7, Hep3B and HepG2 cell lines | – | 118 |
| Neferin | – | Hep3B cell line | – | 114 |
| Sorafenib | – | HepG2 cell line | – | 115 |
| Regorafenib | – | Hep3B, HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5 cell line | – | 116 |
| Autophagy inhibitors | ||||
| 5‐FU | ER stress | Sk‐Hep1 cell line | Pro‐survival | 119 |