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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 30.
Published in final edited form as: J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2019 Mar 5;169:133–141. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.03.006

Table 2.

Bioanalytical methods for the quantification of vitamin K in Human Urine

Analytes Quantification
method		 Bio-
matrix		 Bio-matrix
volume		 Internal
standard		 Linearity Limit
of
detection		 References
Vitamin K3 (Menadione) UPLC-ESI-MS/MS Human plasma and urine 1.0 mL MD-d8 0.05-50.0 ng/mL 0.03 ng/mL for plasma 0.02 ng/mL for urine (25)
Vitamin K3 (Menadione) LC-APCI-MS/MS Human urine, rat plasma, human culture d cell and media Urine: 0.5 mL
Plasma: 0.5 mL
Cultured cell and media: 1-5 mL		 MD-d8 Up to 50 ng/40 μL or 50 ng per injection MD: 40 pg/40 μL MD-d8: 2 pg/40 μL (70)
Vitamin K3 (Menadione) HPLC-FD Urine 0.5 mL MK-2 0-3.64 pmole LLOQ: 0.3 pmole/ml (39)
Urinary metabolites of vitamin K HPLC-ECD Urine Unsupplemented: 0.5 mL
Supplemented: 0.05 mL		 2-methyl-3-(7’-carboxyheptyl)-1,4-naphthoquin one N/A <3.5 fmol (<1 pg) (48)
Vitamin K1,K2,K3,A,D3,E,E-acetate,ε-tocopherol HPLC-PDA Human serum and urine 0.1 mL Xanthophyll Up to 25 ng/μL 0.03 ng/μL-VK1 0.33 ng/μL-VK2 0.33 ng/μL-VK3 (50)