Table 2. Cognitive screenings,procedures for determining validity/reliability.

Cognitive screening	Procedures for determining validity/reliability with appropriate values	Procedures for determining validity/reliability without appropriate values
Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R)		SE/SP (relationships with criteria)13
Barrow Neurological Institute Screen for Higher Cerebral Functions (BNIS)	Concurrent validity (relation with criteria),27 , 28 SE (relation with criteria),27 convergent validity (relation with related constructs),27 , 28 correlation (internal consistence reliability),27 , 28 comparison between contrasting groups (relation with criteria).28	SP (relation with criteria)27
Birmingham Cognitive Screen (BCoS - Cantonese version)	Inter-rater (internal-consistency reliability),29 test-retest (temporal stability reliability),29 comparison between contrasting groups (relation with criteria),29 convergent validity (relation with related constructs).29
Birmingham Cognitive Screen (BCoS)	Comparison between contrasting groups (relation with criteria),30 predictive validity (relation with criteria).30
Brief Memory and Executive Test (BMET)	Inter-rater (internal consistency reliability),31 test-retest (temporal stability reliability),31 SE/SP (relation with criteria),31 comparison between contrasting groups (relation with criteria),31 response times (response processes).31
Brief Neuropsychological Screening (BNS)	Comparison between contrasting groups (relation with criteria),32 predictive validity (relation with criteria),32 convergent validity (relationship with related constructs). 32
Clock Drawing Test (CDT)	SE/SP (relation with criteria)33	Convergent validity (relation with related constructs),7SE/SP (relation with criteria).7
Cog-4		Convergent validity (relation with related constructs),34 SE/SP (relation with criteria).34
Cognistat		Convergent validity (relation with related constructs),7 SE/SP (relation with criteria).7
Cognitive Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (CASP)		Convergent validity (relation with related constructs).35 , 36
Functional Independence Measure (FIM cognitive)		Convergent validity (relationship with related constructs)37
Middlesex Elderly Assessment of Mental State (MEAMS)		SE/SP (relation with criteria)38
Mild Vascular Cognitive Impairment Assessment tool for Stroke (MVCI)	Judge analysis - face validity (content-oriented evidence),39 convergent validity (relation with related constructs),39 SE/SP (relation with criteria),39 correlation,inter-rater (internal consistency reliability).39
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)	Comparison between contrasting groups (relation with criteria),16 , 24 , 41 , 45 , 46 SE (relation with criteria),42SE/SP (relation with criteria),43 , 46 predictive validity (relation with criteria),24concurrent validity (relation with criteria),45convergent validity (relation with related constructs).16,45	SE/SP (relation with criteria),6 convergent validity (relation with related constructs),37 , 40 predictive validity (relation with criteria),42 , 44 SP(relation with criteria),42 SE (relation with criteria).24 , 45
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)	Comparison between contrasting groups (relation with criteria), 20 , 24 , 45 , 46 , 49 , 53 , 58 , 61SE/SP (relation with criteria),18 , 43 , 45 , 46 , 54 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 61 SE (relation with criteria), 12 , 24 , 48 , 49 , 62 SP(relation with criteria),20convergent validity (relation with related constructs),20 , 45 , 49 , 53 , 55 , 56 , 61 inter-rater (internal-consistency reliability),20 , 55 , 61 predictive validity (relation with criteria),18 , 24 , 26 , 42concurrent validity (relation with criteria),45 , 53 , 61correlation (internal consistence reliability),55test-retest (temporal stability reliability). 55 , 61	Concurrent validity (relation with criteria),12 , 47 SP(relation with criteria),12 , 42 , 48 , 49 , 62 SE (relation with criteria),20predictive validity (relation with criteria),25 , 50convergent validity (relation with related constructs).59
miniMoCA	SE/SP (relation with criteria),51convergent validity (relation with related constructs). 51
MoCA (by telephone)	Comparison between contrasting groups (relation with criteria),19 , 60 SE/SP (relation with criteria),19 , 52 , 60 convergent validity (relation with related constructs),60 concurrent validity (relation with criteria),60test-retest (temporal stability reliability),60inter-rater (internal consistency reliability).60
Northwick Park Examination of Cognition (NPEC)	Comparison between contrasting groups (relation with criteria),63SE/SP (relation with criteria).63
Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS)	Convergent and discriminant validity (relation with related constructs),9SE/SP (relation with criteria),9 test-retest (temporal stability reliability),9 concurrent validity (relation with criteria),64 comparison between contrasting groups (relation with criteria).64
Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS)	Convergent and discriminant validity (relation with related constructs),65 predictive validity (relation with criteria).65
Rotterdam CAMCOG (R-CAMCOG)	Convergent validity (relation with related constructs)37
Screening Instrument for Neuropsychological Impairments in Stroke (SINS)	Convergent validity (relation with related constructs)7	SE/SP (relation with criteria)7
Six-item Screener (SIS - by telephone)	Comparison between contrasting groups (relation with criteria)19	SE/SP (relation with criteria)19
Weigl's Colour-Form Sorting Test (WCFT)	Convergent validity (relation with related constructs),66 comparison between contrasting groups (relation with criteria).66
Zürich Maxi Mental Status Inventory (ZüMAX)	Comparison between contrasting groups (relation with criteria),67 test-retest (temporal stability reliability).67

SE: sensitivity, SP: specificity.