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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Nov 13.
Published in final edited form as: AIDS. 2018 Nov 13;32(17):2439–2451. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002011

Figure 2. Impact of Env conformation on ADCC.

Figure 2.

A small residue at position 375 in the Phe 43 cavity (shown in white) favors a closed (State 1) conformation. Larger hydrophobic residues at this position, such as histidine (H375), or mutations in restraining residues such as L193 shift Env to more open conformations. Env interactions with membrane-anchored CD4, due to Nef and/or Vpu deletion, stabilize State 3. This conformation is also sampled by monomeric gp120 bound to CD4, present at the surface of gp120-coated cells. Env conformational landscape modulates its opening and therefore the exposure of vulnerable epitopes recognized by ADCC-mediating CD4i Abs.