Table 3. Factors associated with anthrax in univariate conditional logistic regression analysis: Cases vs village, area and all controls.
| Factors | Case | Area Controls (AC) | Village Controls (VC) | All Controls (All) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TOTAL | 30 | 60 | 60 | 120 | ||
| Grazing on local pasture | 15 | 38 | 38 | 76 | VC: 0.14 (0.017–1.23) | 0.076 |
| All: 0.32 (0.096–1.04) | 0.059 | |||||
| Shared common feeding place | 18 | 51 | 48 | 99 | AC: 0.26 (0.088–0.79) | 0.017 |
| VC: 0.24 (0.071–0.79) | 0.019 | |||||
| All: 0.24 (0.088–0.65) | 0.0052 | |||||
| Migration route ≤1km from pasture | 11 | 12 | 13 | 25 | All: 2.76 (1.02–7.46) | 0.046 |
| Earthworks ≤1km from pasture | 7 | 6 | 2 | 8 | AC: 4.38 (0.82–23.37) | 0.083 |
| VC: 9.52 (1.098–82.57) | 0.041 | |||||
| All: 5.52 (1.31–23.33) | 0.020 | |||||
| Some or all animals migrated seasonally | 4 | 8 | 7 | 15 | VC: 7.13 (0.79–64.38) | 0.081 |
| All: 3.20 (0.887–11.68) | 0.078 | |||||
| Scavengers or predators present | 14 | 37 | 31 | 68 | AC: 0.37 (0.13–1.03) | 0.057 |
| VC: 0.68 (0.20–2.35) | 0.54 | |||||
| All: 0.49 (0.19–1.28) | 0.15 | |||||
| Presence of bloodsucking insects | 13 | 23 | 25 | 48 | AC: 1.18 (0.36–3.92) | 0.78 |
| VC: 1.36 (0.36–5.17) | 0.66 | |||||
| All: 1.26 (0.40–4.01) | 0.69 | |||||
| Herd received any veterinary care 6 months before Date 1* | 15 | 46 | 40 | 86 | AC: 0.20 (0.05–0.77) | 0.019 |
| VC: 0.37 (0.11–1.25) | 0.11 | |||||
| All: 0.27 (0.087–0.81) | 0.02 | |||||
| Veterinarians gave anthrax vaccine to any livestock in village in the 2 years before Date 1 | 9 | 29 | 29 | 58 | AC: 0.23 (0.05–0.97) | 0.046 |
| VC: 0.14 (0.024–0.81) | 0.028 | |||||
| All: 0.17 (0.039–0.78) | 0.023 |
*Date 1: date of onset or death of case animal
AC = Area Controls; VC = Village Controls