Table 6. Multivariate cox regression analysis on survival according to palliative treatment modalities with BCLC stage.

Initial treatment modality	Number of patients		Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
					Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	Alive	Dead	crude HR (95% CI)	p value	adjust HR (95% CI)	p value	adjust HR (95% CI)	p value	adjust HR (95% CI)	p value
TACE patients& BCLC 0,A,B (n = 1715,alive = 684,death = 1030)
Age, years	59.7±9.6	62.8±10.8	1.02(1.02–1.03)	<0.001	1.02(1.01–1.03)	<0.001	1.02(1.02–1.03)	<0.001	1.02(1.02–1.03)	<0.001
Gender (Female vs. male)	178/572	262/898	0.94(0.82–1.08)	0.385	0.85(0.73–0.99)	0.034	0.89(0.76–1.03)	0.118	0.86(0.74–1.00)	0.043
CTP Class (Class B vs. Class A)	78/672	288/872	1.87(1.64–2.14)	<0.001	1.82(1.53–2.17)	<0.001	1.43(1.17–1.75)	0.001	1.43(1.17–1.75)	0.001
Etiology
Hepatitis B	504	622	0.70(0.62–0.79)	<0.001	0.85 (0.54–1.33)	0.480	0.81 (0.51–1.27)	0.355	0.84 (0.53–1.33)	0.457
Hepatitis C	87	196	1.24 (1.07–1.45)	0.006	0.94 (0.60–1.46)	0.772	0.90 (0.57–1.42)	0.655	0.91 (0.58–1.44)	0.696
NBNC	24	35	0.98 (0.70–1.37)	0.913	0.66 (0.38–1.15)	0.144	0.57 (0.32–1.01)	0.054	0.60 (0.34–1.05)	0.074
Alcohol	135	299	1.37 (1.20–1.57)	<0.001	0.98 (0.62–1.57)	0.943	0.90 (0.56–1.45)	0.663	0.95 (0.59–1.52)	0.824
Maximal tumor diameter
2–5 cm vs. ≤2 cm	329/343	522/331	1.45(1.27–1.67)	<0.001	1.37(1.18–1.58)	<0.001	1.36(1.17–1.57)	<0.001	1.38(1.19–1.60)	<0.001
>5 cm vs. ≤2 cm	77/343	270/331	2.67(2.28–3.14)	<0.001	2.65(2.21–3.17)	<0.001	2.53(2.12–3.03)	<0.001	2.64(2.20–3.16)	<0.001
Alpha-fetoprotein, ng/mL
> 400 vs. ≤ 400	88/611	227/867	1.61 (1.38–1.87)	<0.001	1.45 (1.23–1.70)	<0.001	1.40 (1.20–1.65)	<0.001	1.41 (1.20–1.66)	<0.001
ALBI grade
grade 2 vs. grade 1	332/395	690/385	1.62(1.43–1.83)	<0.001	1.55(1.34–1.79)	<0.001			1.37(1.15–1.62)	<0.001
grade 3 vs. grade 1	23/395	85/385	2.26(1.79–2.86)	<0.001	1.39(1.02–1.90)	0.036			1.00(0.72–1.40)	0.992
PALBI grade
grade 2 vs. grade 1	250/428	469/424	1.51(1.32–1.72)	<0.001			1.38(1.20–1.60)	<0.001	1.18(1.00–1.39)	0.053
grade 3 vs. grade 1	72/428	267/424	2.32(1.99–2.70)	<0.001			2.09(1.67–2.62)	<0.001	1.86(1.46–2.38)	<0.001
sorafenib & BCLC C (n = 111, alive = 4, death = 107)
Age, years	62.0±7.4	55.5±11.5	0.99(0.98–1.00)	0.086	0.99(0.97–1.01)	0.402	0.99(0.97–1.02)	0.436	0.99(0.96–1.01)	0.288
Gender (Female vs. male)	0/4	23/150	1.15(0.74–1.79)	0.524	1.45(0.73–2.88)	0.296	1.47(0.73–2.95)	0.285	1.49(0.74–3.03)	0.266
CTP Class (Class B vs. Class A)	0/4	75/98	1.91(1.41–2.60)	<0.001	2.32(1.44–3.73)	0.001	1.95(1.20–3.19)	0.007	2.04(1.24–3.37)	0.005
Etiology
Hepatitis B	3	123	1.28(0.91–1.80)	0.157	2.17 (0.71–6.62)	0.175	2.09 (0.72–6.10)	0.178	2.12 (0.70–6.40)	0.185
Hepatitis C	0	18	0.83 (0.51–1.36)	0.455	1.67 (0.57–4.90)	0.348	1.62 (0.59–4.46)	0.349	1.63 (0.57–4.69)	0.362
NBNC	0	8	0.89 (0.43–1.80)	0.736	2.42 (0.51–11.4)	0.265	2.36 (0.52–10.66)	0.263	2.57 (0.54–12.18)	0.236
Alcohol	1	27	0.85 (0.57–1.29)	0.45	1.27 (0.38–4.31)	0.699	1.03 (0.32–3.32)	0.961	1.07 (0.32–3.57)	0.919
Maximal tumor diameter
2–5 cm vs. ≤2 cm	0/1	15/3	4.10(1.16–14.40)	0.028	3.59(0.94–13.7)	0.062	3.27(0.82–13.02)	0.093	3.16(0.80–12.51)	0.102
>5 cm vs. ≤2 cm	1/3	95/3	2.67(0.84–8.49)	0.097	2.44(0.70–8.46)	0.160	2.04(0.58–7.22)	0.267	1.99(0.56–7.06)	0.290
Alpha-fetoprotein, ng/mL
> 400 vs. ≤ 40	3/1	104/63	1.54 (1.05–2.25)	0.029	1.63 (1.08–2.46)	0.020	1.68 (1.12–2.54)	0.013	1.68 (1.11–2.53)	0.014
ALBI grade
grade 2 vs. grade 1	3/1	119/40	1.58(1.10–2.27)	0.013	1.38(0.77–2.49)	0.280			1.20(0.63–2.30)	0.579
grade 3 vs. grade 1	0/1	14/40	2.55(1.37–4.73)	0.003	1.25(0.50–3.17)	0.632			0.81(0.30–2.20)	0.683
PALBI grade
grade 2 vs. grade 1	2/1	60/36	1.44(0.95–2.18)	0.088			1.10(0.59–2.07)	0.764	0.99(0.50–1.97)	0.986
grade 3 vs. grade 1	1/1	77/36	2.35(1.57–3.52)	<0.001			1.95(1.05–3.64)	0.036	1.89(0.96–3.72)	0.064
supportive patients (n = 1147, alive = 81, death = 1066)
Age, years	59.3±11.8	62.9±12.6	1.00(0.99–1.00)	0.200	1.01(1.00–1.01)	0.051	1.01(1.00–1.01)	0.043	1.01(1.00–1.01)	0.041
Gender (Female vs. male)	19/62	206/860	0.91(0.78–1.06)	0.232	0.97(0.81–1.17)	0.752	0.97(0.81–1.17)	0.748	0.96(0.80–1.16)	0.670
CTP Class
Class B vs. Class A	20/61	474/400	2.03(1.77–2.32)	<0.001	1.74(1.43–2.11)	<0.001	1.61(1.32–1.95)	<0.001	1.53(1.24–1.89)	<0.001
Class C vs. Class A	0/61	192/400	3.41(2.85–4.07)	<0.001	3.09(2.30–4.14)	<0.001	3.03(2.36–3.94)	<0.001	2.68(1.98–3.63)	<0.001
Etiology
Hepatitis B	39	572	1.22(1.08–1.38)	0.002	0.95 (0.61–1.46)	0.798	0.96 (0.63–1.48)	0.861	0.95 (0.62–1.47)	0.824
Hepatitis C	3	131	0.93 (0.77–1.12)	0.427	0.94 (0.63–1.42)	0.773	0.96 (0.64–1.45)	0.838	0.96 (0.64–1.45)	0.842
NBNC	1	24	0.91 (0.60–1.36)	0.629	0.95 (0.50–1.80)	0.880	0.91 (0.48–1.71)	0.767	0.90 (0.48–1.70)	0.754
Alcohol	35	340	0.86 (0.75–0.97)	0.018	0.96 (0.61–1.51)	0.867	0.96 (0.61–1.52)	0.871	0.96 (0.61–1.51)	0.850
Maximal tumor diameter
2–5 cm vs. ≤2 cm	32/30	217/93	1.47(1.16–1.88)	0.002	1.51(1.16–1.96)	0.002	1.44(1.11–1.87)	0.007	1.46(1.12–1.90)	0.005
>5 cm vs. ≤2 cm	16/30	516/93	2.87(2.29–3.59)	<0.001	3.23(2.51–4.15)	<0.001	2.96(2.31–3.79)	<0.001	3.08(2.39–3.96)	<0.001
Alpha-fetoprotein, ng/mL
> 400 vs. ≤ 400	14/57	463/522	2.13(1.82–2.49)	<0.001	1.50 (1.28–1.75)	<0.001	1.49 (1.28–1.74)	<0.001	1.50 (1.28–1.75)	<0.001
ALBI grade
grade 2 vs. grade 1	43/30	599/258	1.83(1.53–2.19)	<0.001	1.43(1.14–1.79)	0.002			1.00(0.76–1.32)	0.985
grade 3 vs. grade 1	8/30	463/258	2.89(2.38–3.53)	<0.001	1.88(1.38–2.56)	<0.001			1.21(0.84–1.73)	0.308
PALBI grade
grade 2 vs. grade 1	34/28	279/112	1.58(1.27–1.97)	<0.001			1.60(1.24–2.07)	0.000	1.60(1.20–2.15)	0.002
grade 3 vs. grade 1	19/28	675/112	3.18(2.59–3.89)	<0.001			2.22(1.69–2.91)	<0.001	2.16(1.55–2.99)	<0.001

TACE, transarterial chemoembolization; BCLC, Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage; CTP, Child-Turcotte-Pugh; ALBI, albumin-bilirubin; PALBI, platelet-albumin-bilirubin