Table 2. General demographic profiles, socioeconomic, environmental conditions and behavior characteristics of Negrito participants based on community categories.
| Variables | IJV (N = 149) | RPS (N = 267) | Overall (N = 416) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General demographic profiles | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Gender | Male Female |
83 (55.7) 66 (44.3) |
125 (46.8) 142 (53.2) |
208 (50.0) 208 (50.0) |
| Exact age (Years) | Range Median (IQR) Mean (SD) |
2–63 10.0 (9.0) 13.2 (9.9) |
2–64 9.0 (6.0) 11.8 (10.1) |
2–64 10.0 (7.0) 12.3 (10.0) |
| Age groups (Years) | 1–3 4–6 7–12 13–17 >18 |
8 (5.4) 22 (14.8) 67 (45.0) 21 (14.1) 31 (20.8) |
27 (10.1) 42 (15.7) 130 (48.7) 27 (10.1) 41 (15.4) |
35 (8.4) 65 (15.6) 196 (47.1) 48 (11.5) 72 (17.3) |
| Family members | >7 members < 7 members |
93 (62.4) 56 (37.6) |
150 (56.2) 117 (43.8) |
243 (58.4) 173 (41.6) |
| Socio-economic status & education | ||||
| Monthly household incomea | <USD 125 >USD 125 |
88 (59.1) 61 (40.9) |
188 (70.4) 79 (29.6) |
276 (66.3) 140 (33.7) |
| Occupational status | Workingb Housewife Students (Primary & Secondary) Young children <7 y/o Othersc |
32 (21.5) 9 (6.0) 48 (32.3) 34 (22.8) 26 (17.4) |
30 (11.2) 21 (7.9) 132 (49.4) 63 (23.6) 21 (7.9) |
62 (14.9) 30 (7.2) 180 (43.3) 97 (23.3) 47 (11.3) |
| Past education level (adult) | Informal Primary Secondary |
26 (81.3) 6 (18.8) 0 |
34 (82.9) 5 (12.2) 2 (4.9) |
60 (82.2) 11 (15.1) 2 (2.7) |
| Education level (children) | Not enrolled Primary Secondary |
36 (30.8) 47 (40.2) 9 (7.7) |
34 (15.0) 119 (52.7) 15 (6.6) |
70 (20.4) 166 (48.4) 24 (7.0) |
| Sanitation and environmental | ||||
| Source of water supply | Untreated (river, lake, etc) Treated (government piped water) |
149 (100) 0 |
146 (54.7) 121 (43.3) |
295 (70.9) 121 (29.1) |
| Presence of latrine | No Yesd |
87 (58.4) 62 (41.6) |
100 (37.5) 167 (62.5) |
187 (45.0) 229 (55.0) |
| Hygiene behaviors | ||||
| Open/ Indiscriminate defecation | Yese No |
124 (83.2) 25 (16.8) |
121 (45.3) 146 (54.7) |
245 (58.9) 171 (41.1) |
| Close contact with domestic animals | No Yesf |
38 (25.9) 109 (74.1) |
68 (25.5) 199 (74.5) |
106 (25.6) 308 (74.4) |
| Wear shoes/slipper while outside | No Yes |
109 (73.2) 40 (26.8) |
107 (40.1) 160 (59.9) |
216 (51.9) 200 (48.1) |
| Wash hands after defecation | always sometimes |
42 (28.2) 107 (71.8) |
135 (50.6) 132 (49.4) |
177 (43.0) 239 (57.0) |
| Wash hands before eating | always sometimes |
90 (60.4) 59 (39.6) |
212 (79.4) 55 (20.6) |
302 (72.6) 114 (27.4) |
| Boil water before drinking | No Yes |
40 (26.8) 109 (73.2) |
38 (14.2) 229 (85.8) |
78 (18.8) 338 (81.2) |
| Anti-helminthic treatment (AHT) | ||||
| History of receiving AHT | Nog Yes |
75 (50.3) 74 (49.7) |
67 (25.1) 200 (74.9) |
142 (34.1) 274 (65.9) |
a Cut off value of 125 USD was used because more than 60% of participants were from family with gross monthly household income of <USD 125
b Providing meal to the family, mainly as a hunter gatherer, farmer (subsistence cropping), rubber tapper, boat driver, etc.;
c Either not working (usually adolescent) or children who were not enrolled to school;
d pour or flush toilet, pit latrine;
e prefer to defecate anywhere/open (common sites: bushes, near the river) without any specific location;
f own any domestic animals or always playing with them (dogs and cats are the most common);
g Never received or took any anti-helminthic drug either been prescribed by a medical personnel or during mass deworming program.