Table 5.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Population
| Histological CS | Clinical CS Diagnosed by JCS 2016 Criteria | Clinical CS Diagnosed by JCS 2016, JMHW/JSSOG 2015, WASOG 2014 Criteria | DCM | Histological CS vs DCM (P Value) | Clinical CS JCS 2016 vs DCM (P Value) | Clinical CS JCS 2016, JMHW/JSSOG 2015, WASOG 2014 vs DCM (P Value) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=30 | n=32 | n=15 | n=53 | ||||
| Age, median (IR), y | 57 (47–68) | 59 (51–66) | 57 (45–65) | 53 (50–56) | 0.29 | 0.07 | 0.71 |
| Women, No. (%) | 17 (57) | 24 (75) | 11 (73) | 19 (36) | 0.06 | 0.0005 | 0.0098 |
| Steroid treatment, No. (%) | 20 (67) | 25 (78) | 12 (80) | 0 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Cardiac device, No. (%) | |||||||
| ICD (lethal ventricular arrhythmia) | 4 (13) | 9 (28) | 3 (20) | 5 (9) | 0.71 | 0.035 | 0.36 |
| PPM (high‐degree atrioventricular block) | 10 (33) | 10 (31) | 5 (33) | 7 (13) | 0.046 | 0.04 | 0.1 |
| Chest x‐ray or CT scan, No. (%) | |||||||
| BHL | 11 (37) | 14 (44) | 7 (47) | 0 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Echocardiography | |||||||
| Basal septum thinning, No. (%) | 6 (21) | 12 (38) | 4 (27) | 6 (11) | 0.25 | 0.004 | 0.2 |
| Asymmetrical wall thickness (/IVST‐PWT/≥3 mm), No. (%) | 7 (24) | 14 (44) | 5 (33) | 7 (13) | 0.2 | 0.0016 | 0.1 |
| Anatomical abnormalities of ventricular wall (focal thinning, focal thickening, ventricular aneurysm), No. (%) | 3 (10) | 5 (16) | 4 (27) | 1 (2) | 0.12 | 0.026 | 0.07 |
| LVEF, median (IR), % | 26 (22–37) | 40 (32–48) | 46 (35–55) | 27 (25–30) | 0.3 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Focal ventricular wall motion abnormalities, asynergy, No. (%) | 18 (62) | 23 (72) | 9 (60) | 16 (30) | 0.005 | 0.0002 | 0.03 |
| Moderate‐severe MR (≥2/4), No. (%) | 16 (55) | 20 (63) | 7 (47) | 24 (45) | 0.39 | 0.12 | 0.9 |
| ECG, No. (%) | |||||||
| Atrioventricular block (1–3°) | 12 (41) | 20 (63) | 10 (67) | 8 (15) | 0.008 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Complete left bundle branch block | 4 (14) | 0 | 0 | 8 (15) | 1 | 0.02 | 0.18 |
| Complete right bundle branch block | 8 (28) | 12 (38) | 4 (27) | 4 (8) | 0.02 | 0.001 | 0.06 |
| Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, multifocal or frequent premature ventricular contraction | 11 (37) | 17 (53) | 10 (67) | 16 (30) | 0.54 | 0.035 | 0.01 |
| Left axial deviation | 7 (24) | 7 (22) | 3 (20) | 9 (17) | 0.43 | 0.57 | 0.79 |
| ST changes | 13 (45) | 17 (53) | 11 (73) | 27 (51) | 0.59 | 0.85 | 0.12 |
| RI, positive/No. (%) | |||||||
| Positive uptake on gallium citrate scintigraphy | 16/28 (57) | 18/30 (60) | 7/15 (47) | 1/23 (4) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.003 |
| Positive uptake on 18F‐FDG PET | 17/19 (89) | 23/25 (92) | 8/10 (80) | 7/10 (70) | 0.18 | 0.09 | 0.6 |
| Focal defect on SPECT (201Tl or 99mTc‐MIBI) | 17/18 (94) | 20/21 (95) | 9/10 (90) | 19/29 (66) | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.14 |
| Serologies, median (IR) | |||||||
| ACE (normal range: 7.7–29.4 IU/L) | 18.0 (10.3–25.1) | 12.7 (5.0–18.0) | 14.6 (10.6–36.4) | 11 (9–14) | 0.01 | 0.28 | 0.061 |
| Lysozyme (normal range: 4.2–11.5 μg/mL) | 9.7 (6.9–14.7) | 8.3 (5.7–12.6) | 8.5 (10.6–36.4) | 8 (4–13) | 0.29 | 0.67 | 0.46 |
Continuous variables are presented as median (interquartile range [IR]). 18F‐FDG PET indicates 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging; 99mTc‐MIBI, technetium‐99m‐sesta methoxyisobutyl isonitrile; 201Tl, thallium‐201; ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; BHL, bihilar lymphadenopathy; CS, cardiac sarcoidosis; DCM, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy; ICD, implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator; IVST, interventricular septum thickness; JCS, Japanese Circulation Society; JMHW, Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare; JSSOG, Japan Society of Sarcoidosis and Other Granuloma Disorders; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MR, mitral regurgitation; PPM, permanent pacemaker; PWT, posterior wall thickness; RI, radio isotope; SPECT, single‐photon emission computed tomography; WASOG, World Association of Sarcoidosis and Other Granuloma Diseases.