Table 3.
Association Between LVH and Outcomes According to Adjustment for Biomarkers
| Outcome | Biomarker Added in Model | Events, %/Year | Adjusted Cox Model | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Without LVH (N=3616) | With LVH (N=1136) | HR (95% CI) | P Valuea | ||
| Stroke or systemic embolism | LVH without biomarkers in model | 105 (1.46) | 43 (1.94) | 1.14 (0.79–1.64) | 0.49 |
| Troponin I | 1.02 (0.70–1.50) | 0.91 | |||
| Troponin T | 1.03 (0.71–1.49) | 0.89 | |||
| NT‐proBNP | 1.06 (0.73–1.54) | 0.75 | |||
| GDF‐15 | 1.10 (0.77–1.59) | 0.60 | |||
| Troponin T+NT‐proBNP | 0.99 (0.68–1.44) | 0.95 | |||
| Troponin T+NT‐proBNP+GDF‐15 | 1.00 (0.69–1.46) | 0.99 | |||
| All‐cause mortality | LVH without biomarkers in model | 204 (2.83) | 119 (5.38) | 1.60 (1.27–2.02) | 0.0001 |
| Troponin I | 1.33 (1.04–1.70) | 0.0249 | |||
| Troponin T | 1.28 (1.01–1.63) | 0.0408 | |||
| NT‐proBNP | 1.35 (1.07–1.72) | 0.0143 | |||
| GDF‐15 | 1.53 (1.21–1.93) | 0.0005 | |||
| Troponin T+NT‐proBNP | 1.17 (0.92–1.49) | 0.21 | |||
| Troponin T+NT‐proBNP+GDF‐15 | 1.19 (0.93–1.51) | 0.16 | |||
| Major bleed | LVH without biomarkers in model | 155 (2.15) | 67 (3.03) | 1.27 (0.95–1.70) | 0.12 |
| Troponin I | 1.20 (0.88–1.63) | 0.25 | |||
| Troponin T | 1.12 (0.83–1.51) | 0.47 | |||
| NT‐proBNP | 1.24 (0.92–1.68) | 0.16 | |||
| GDF‐15 | 1.22 (0.91–1.64) | 0.19 | |||
| Troponin T+NT‐proBNP | 1.12 (0.83–1.51) | 0.47 | |||
| Troponin T+NT‐proBNP+GDF‐15 | 1.18 (0.87–1.59) | 0.30 | |||
Biomarkers included as continuous, log‐transformed, variables. Patients with no missing data for clinical risk factors, troponin T, GDF‐15, and NT‐proBNP were included in the analysis. GDF‐15 indicates growth differentiation factor‐15; HR, hazard ratio; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide.
a
P value for effect of LVH.