Table 2.
Association between physical activity and colorectal cancer risk in the Multiethnic Cohort, 1993–2013
| Hours/day | Men (n = 79,033) | Women (n = 93,469) | P for heterogeneityd |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | HR (95% CI)a | Casesb | HR (95% CI)c | Cases | HR (95% CI)a | Casesb | HR (95% CI)c | ||
| Sleep | |||||||||
| ≤5 | 205 | 1.00 (ref) | 190 | 1.00 (ref) | 226 | 1.00 (ref) | 190 | 1.00 (ref) | |
| 6 | 549 | 0.89 (0.76–1.05) | 528 | 0.93 (0.78–1.09) | 556 | 1.06 (0.91–1.24) | 525 | 1.17 (0.99–1.39) | |
| 7 | 713 | 0.89 (0.76–1.04) | 679 | 0.91 (0.77–1.07) | 608 | 0.91 (0.78–1.07) | 562 | 1.00 (0.85–1.18) | |
| 8 | 629 | 0.96 (0.82–1.13) | 591 | 0.97 (0.82–1.14) | 505 | 0.98 (0.84–1.15) | 469 | 1.07 (0.90–1.27) | |
| ≥9 | 245 | 1.01 (0.84–1.22) | 237 | 1.01 (0.83–1.22) | 194 | 1.11 (0.91–1.34) | 181 | 1.20 (0.98–1.47) | |
| P for trend | 0.31 | 0.54 | 0.93 | 0.67 | 0.78 | ||||
| Total sitting | |||||||||
| <5 | 493 | 1.00 (ref) | 463 | 1.00 (ref) | 420 | 1.00 (ref) | 377 | 1.00 (ref) | |
| 5‒<7 | 508 | 0.95 (0.84–1.08) | 483 | 0.93 (0.82–1.06) | 437 | 0.99 (0.87–1.14) | 402 | 0.98 (0.85–1.12) | |
| 7‒<9 | 478 | 0.95 (0.84–1.08) | 456 | 0.92 (0.81–1.05) | 435 | 1.03 (0.90–1.18) | 405 | 1.00 (0.87–1.16) | |
| 9‒≤11 | 434 | 1.04 (0.91–1.18) | 412 | 1.00 (0.87–1.14) | 395 | 1.07 (0.93–1.23) | 360 | 1.01 (0.87–1.17) | |
| >11 | 428 | 1.00 (0.87–1.14) | 411 | 0.96 (0.84–1.10) | 402 | 0.96 (0.83–1.10) | 383 | 0.92 (0.80–1.07) | |
| P for trend | 0.60 | 0.95 | 0.84 | 0.39 | 0.71 | ||||
| Sitting watching TV | |||||||||
| <1 | 262 | 1.00 (ref) | 252 | 1.00 (ref) | 245 | 1.00 (ref) | 226 | 1.00 (ref) | |
| 1‒<3 | 883 | 1.05 (0.92–1.21) | 838 | 1.01 (0.88–1.16) | 749 | 1.02 (0.89–1.18) | 687 | 0.98 (0.84–1.14) | |
| 3‒<5 | 902 | 1.08 (0.94–1.24) | 864 | 0.99 (0.86–1.14) | 823 | 1.14 (0.99–1.32) | 765 | 1.04 (0.90–1.21) | |
| ≥5 | 256 | 1.16 (0.98–1.38) | 238 | 0.98 (0.82–1.18) | 231 | 1.19 (0.99–1.43) | 213 | 1.02 (0.84–1.24) | |
| P for trend | 0.10 | 0.72 | 0.006 | 0.3634 | 0.42 | ||||
| Moderate activity | |||||||||
| <0.14 | 699 | 1.00 (ref) | 654 | 1.00 (ref) | 441 | 1.00 (ref) | 391 | 1.00 (ref) | |
| 0.14‒<0.43 | 613 | 0.88 (0.79–0.98) | 584 | 0.90 (0.80–1.00) | 614 | 0.95 (0.84–1.08) | 565 | 0.97 (0.86–1.11) | |
| 0.43‒<0.86 | 469 | 0.87 (0.77–0.98) | 445 | 0.88 (0.78–1.00) | 456 | 0.91 (0.80–1.04) | 425 | 0.95 (0.83–1.09) | |
| 0.86‒<1.43 | 257 | 0.83 (0.72–0.96) | 246 | 0.84 (0.73–0.98) | 250 | 0.86 (0.74–1.01) | 241 | 0.92 (0.78–1.09) | |
| ≥1.43 | 303 | 0.81 (0.70–0.93) | 296 | 0.83 (0.72–0.95) | 328 | 0.91 (0.78–1.05) | 305 | 0.94 (0.80–1.09) | |
| P for trend | 0.004 | 0.01 | 0.24 | 0.41 | 0.25 | ||||
| Vigorous work | |||||||||
| 0 | 1120 | 1.00 (ref) | 1059 | 1.00 (ref) | 1614 | 1.00 (ref) | 1495 | 1.00 (ref) | |
| >0‒<0.14 | 548 | 0.91 (0.82–1.01) | 518 | 0.91 (0.82–1.01) | 277 | 1.03 (0.90–1.17) | 254 | 1.03 (0.90–1.18) | |
| 0.14‒<0.43 | 271 | 0.81 (0.71–0.93) | 255 | 0.82 (0.72–0.94) | 81 | 0.81 (0.65–1.02) | 76 | 0.84 (0.66–1.05) | |
| ≥0.43 | 371 | 0.92 (0.82–1.04) | 364 | 0.94 (0.83–1.06) | 72 | 1.00 (0.79–1.27) | 65 | 1.01 (0.79–1.30) | |
| P for trend | 0.26 | 0.42 | 0.75 | 0.86 | 0.96 | ||||
| Strenuous sports | |||||||||
| 0 | 1512 | 1.00 (ref) | 1438 | 1.00 (ref) | 1533 | 1.00 (ref) | 1413 | 1.00 (ref) | |
| >0‒<0.14 | 419 | 0.91 (0.82–1.02) | 399 | 0.97 (0.87–1.08) | 276 | 0.90 (0.79–1.03) | 255 | 0.96 (0.84–1.10) | |
| 0.14‒<0.43 | 194 | 0.78 (0.67–0.90) | 184 | 0.85 (0.73–1.00) | 151 | 0.96 (0.82–1.14) | 139 | 1.05 (0.88–1.25) | |
| ≥0.43 | 192 | 0.79 (0.68–0.92) | 184 | 0.89 (0.76–1.04) | 106 | 0.93 (0.76–1.14) | 99 | 1.05 (0.85–1.29) | |
| P for trend | <0.001 | 0.05 | 0.39 | 0.56 | 0.07 | ||||
| Vigorous activity | |||||||||
| 0 | 882 | 1.00 (ref) | 828 | 1.00 (ref) | 1300 | 1.00 (ref) | 1198 | 1.00 (ref) | |
| >0‒<0.21 | 407 | 0.93 (0.82–1.04) | 384 | 0.94 (0.83–1.06) | 366 | 1.07 (0.96–1.21) | 342 | 1.12 (0.99–1.27) | |
| 0.21‒<0.46 | 391 | 0.91 (0.80–1.02) | 378 | 0.96 (0.85–1.09) | 197 | 0.86 (0.74–1.00) | 176 | 0.88 (0.75–1.03) | |
| 0.46‒<0.71 | 287 | 0.82 (0.71–0.94) | 272 | 0.86 (0.75–0.99) | 128 | 0.94 (0.78–1.13) | 121 | 1.02 (0.84–1.23) | |
| ≥0.71 | 374 | 0.80 (0.70–0.90) | 363 | 0.86 (0.75–0.97) | 98 | 0.92 (0.75–1.13) | 90 | 1.01 (0.81–1.26) | |
| P for trend | <0.001 | 0.02 | 0.19 | 0.83 | 0.32 | ||||
| Moderate/vigorous activity | |||||||||
| 0‒<0.32 | 516 | 1.00 (ref) | 481 | 1.00 (ref) | 402 | 1.00 (ref) | 359 | 1.00 (ref) | |
| 0.32‒<0.71 | 456 | 0.92 (0.81–1.04) | 430 | 0.92 (0.81–1.05) | 543 | 0.99 (0.87–1.12) | 498 | 0.99 (0.87–1.14) | |
| 0.71‒<1.07 | 419 | 0.83 (0.73–0.94) | 393 | 0.84 (0.73–0.96) | 434 | 0.93 (0.81–1.06) | 398 | 0.95 (0.82–1.09) | |
| 1.07‒<1.79 | 455 | 0.76 (0.67–0.86) | 440 | 0.80 (0.70–0.92) | 325 | 0.82 (0.71–0.95) | 313 | 0.89 (0.76–1.04) | |
| ≥1.79 | 495 | 0.77 (0.68–0.87) | 481 | 0.80 (0.70–0.91) | 385 | 0.91 (0.79–1.05) | 359 | 0.95 (0.82–1.11) | |
| P for trend | <0.001 | 0.003 | 0.15 | 0.45 | 0.25 | ||||
| Moderate/vigorous activity (MET-hours) |
|||||||||
| <1.42 | 454 | 1.00 (ref) | 423 | 1.00 (ref) | 394 | 1.00 (ref) | 353 | 1.00 (ref) | |
| 1.42‒<2.86 | 401 | 0.95 (0.83–1.09) | 379 | 0.96 (0.83–1.10) | 503 | 0.94 (0.83–1.08) | 461 | 0.95 (0.82–1.09) | |
| 2.86‒<4.86 | 485 | 0.83 (0.73–0.95) | 454 | 0.85 (0.74–0.97) | 476 | 0.92 (0.81–1.06) | 436 | 0.94 (0.82–1.08) | |
| 4.86‒<9.14 | 537 | 0.82 (0.72–0.93) | 519 | 0.86 (0.76–0.98) | 419 | 0.81 (0.71–0.93) | 403 | 0.87 (0.75–1.00) | |
| ≥9.14 | 464 | 0.72 (0.63–0.82) | 450 | 0.76 (0.66–0.87) | 297 | 0.90 (0.78–1.05) | 274 | 0.94 (0.80–1.11) | |
| P for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.17 | 0.53 | 0.07 | ||||
| Total METs | |||||||||
| <1.38 | 416 | 1.00 (ref) | 394 | 1.00 (ref) | 410 | 1.00 (ref) | 384 | 1.00 (ref) | |
| 1.38‒<1.55 | 446 | 0.87 (0.76–1.00) | 426 | 0.91 (0.79–1.04) | 427 | 1.04 (0.91–1.20) | 396 | 1.07 (0.93–1.23) | |
| 1.55‒<1.68 | 493 | 0.90 (0.79–1.03) | 465 | 0.94 (0.82–1.08) | 461 | 1.05 (0.92–1.20) | 433 | 1.11 (0.97–1.28) | |
| 1.68‒<1.83 | 469 | 0.82 (0.72–0.94) | 445 | 0.87 (0.76–1.00) | 449 | 1.01 (0.88–1.16) | 412 | 1.07 (0.92–1.23) | |
| ≥1.83 | 517 | 0.81 (0.71–0.93) | 495 | 0.88 (0.77–1.00) | 342 | 0.99 (0.86–1.15) | 302 | 1.03 (0.89–1.21) | |
| P for trend | 0.001 | 0.05 | 0.80 | 0.61 | 0.13 | ||||
Abbreviation: MET, metabolic equivalent.
a
Adjusted by Cox proportional hazards regression for age at cohort entry and race/ethnicity.
b
Excluding participants with missing information on covariates.
c
Further adjusted for family history of colorectal cancer, history of colorectal polyp, body mass index, pack-years of cigarette smoking, multivitamin use, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, menopausal hormone therapy use for women only, and intake of alcohol, total energy, red meat, dietary fiber, calcium, folate, and vitamin D.
d
Tests for heterogeneity between men and women were performed based on the multivariate-adjusted models.