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. 2018 Dec 8;10(3):613–625. doi: 10.1111/jdi.12956

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© 2018 The Authors. Journal of Diabetes Investigation published by Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes (AASD) and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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The effect of recombinant human glucagon‐like peptide‐1 treatment on the expression of protein kinase C (PKC) ‐β. (a–b) Eight weeks after treatment, animals were euthanized and the PKC‐β expression in kidneys was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. (c,d) The expression level of PKC‐β was also measured in isolated glomerular tissue and tubular tissue by western blotting (n = 8 each group, one‐way anova test). In addition, (e) PKC activity was evaluated by measuring the amount of phosphorylated PKC in isolated glomerular tissue (left) and tubular tissue (right). Data are presented as means ± standard error of the mean (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001, NS, not significant, by one‐way anova test). G, recombinant human glucagon‐like peptide‐1 group; I, insulin group; N, normal group; V, vehicle group.