Table 1.
Anthropometric parameters and clinical characteristics of the participants
| Variables | Control subjects (n = 116) | NAFLD only (n = 53) | P‐value* | Diabetes only (n = 151) | NAFLD and diabetes (n = 146) | P‐value** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, female/male (n) | 62/54 | 25/28 | 0.452 | 69/82 | 60/86 | 0.426 |
| Age (years) | 56.00 ± 9.27 | 57.73 ± 9.38 | 0.263 | 63.54 ± 11.67 | 58.00 ± 12.48 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.48 ± 2.56 | 26.04 ± 2.98 | <0.001 | 23.11 ± 2.86 | 26.57 ± 3.36 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 126.55 ± 14.64 | 130.75 ± 15.48 | 0.091 | 139.51 ± 20.61 | 139.73 ± 21.33 | 0.931 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80.10 ± 8.94 | 84.07 ± 8.35 | 0.007 | 78.67 ± 10.35 | 82.27 ± 11.68 | 0.006 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.23 ± 0.29 | 5.26 ± 0.23 | 0.512 | 8.11 ± 3.23 | 9.30 ± 2.80 | 0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L)† | 0.99 (0.72, 1.33) | 1.58 (1.17, 2.16) | <0.001 | 1.13 (0.76, 1.64) | 1.99 (1.46, 2.84) | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.87 ± 0.94 | 5.04 ± 0.92 | 0.266 | 4.75 ± 1.22 | 5.13 ± 1.21 | 0.008 |
| HDL‐c (mmol/L) | 1.40 ± 0.34 | 1.19 ± 0.29 | <0.001 | 1.18 ± 0.28 | 1.04 ± 0.25 | <0.001 |
| LDL‐c (mmol/L) | 2.89 ± 0.76 | 3.09 ± 0.76 | 0.105 | 3.07 ± 0.92 | 3.33 ± 0.86 | 0.016 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.35 ± 0.35 | 5.37 ± 0.37 | 0.840 | 10.05 ± 2.44 | 9.82 ± 1.97 | 0.390 |
| AST (U/L)† | 21.00 (18.00, 24.00) | 23.00 (21.00,28.00) | 0.030 | 18.00 (15.00, 22.00) | 21.00 (17.00, 26.00) | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/L)† | 14.00 (11.00, 20.00) | 18.00 (15.00,25.00) | <0.001 | 17.00 (12.00, 21.50) | 23.00 (16.00, 33.00) | <0.001 |
| GGT (U/L)† | 19.00 (14.00, 31.00) | 34.00 (21.00,46.00) | <0.001 | 20.00 (16.00, 29.50) | 31.00 (20.00, 49.00) | <0.001 |
| CMPF (μmol/L)† | 140.31 (49.55, 281.47) | 90.90 (41.73,153.20) | 0.028 | 215.73 (114.11,360.46) | 153.75 (85.31, 270.65) | 0.001 |
Data presented as the mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). P‐value* indicates the comparison of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)‐only and control participants; P value** indicates the comparison of diabetes‐only participants and participants with NAFLD and diabetes. †Log transformed before analysis. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate transaminase; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GGT, γ‐glutamyltransferase; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1C; HDL‐c, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL‐c, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol.