. 2019 Jan 16;34(6):567–577. doi: 10.1007/s10654-019-00481-x

Table 1.

Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of all people with dementia, and according to whether admitted to general hospital during follow-up

Characteristic		All people with dementia (n = 10,137)		Admitted to hospital (n = 7693)		Not admitted to hospital (n = 2444)		Significance test^a
		n	%	n	%	n	%
Age at diagnosis	Mean (SD)	82.1 (7.2)		82.1 (7.0)		81.8 (7.7)		t = − 2.3, p = 0.02
	65–69	600	5.9	412	5.4	188	7.7	χ² = 47.4, p < 0.001
	70–74	1203	11.9	866	11.3	337	13.8
	75–79	1998	19.7	1541	20.0	457	18.7
	80–84	2602	25.7	2044	26.6	558	22.8
	85–89	2446	24.1	1890	24.6	556	22.8
	90 +	1288	12.7	940	12.2	348	14.2
	Missing	0		0		0
Sex	Female	6262	61.8	4662	60.6	1600	65.5	χ² = 18.5, p < 0.001
Sex	Missing	1		1		0		χ² = 18.5, p < 0.001
Ethnicity	White	7640	77.3	5915	78.4	1725	73.8	χ² = 28.9, p < 0.001
	Asian	453	4.6	345	4.6	108	4.6
	African/Caribbean	1445	14.6	1050	13.9	395	16.9
	Other	344	3.5	234	3.1	110	4.7
	Missing	255		149		106
Marital status^b	Married	3202	33.5	2454	33.5	748	33.4	χ² = 4.5, p = 0.21
	Divorced	769	8.0	590	8.1	179	8.0
	Widowed	3892	40.7	3007	41.1	885	39.5
	Single	1701	17.8	1270	17.4	431	19.2
	Missing	573		372		201
Mean deprivation score^b (SD)		27. 2 (11.1)		27.3 (11.1)		26.7 (11.1)		t = − 2.14, p = 0.03
	Missing	40		22		18		t = − 2.14, p = 0.03
Mean MMSE^b (SD)		18.6 (6.3)		18.6 (6.2)		18.6 (6.5)		t = − 0.17, p = 0.87
	Missing	1579		1049		530		t = − 0.17, p = 0.87
Problem^b with: (from HoNOS subscale)	Agitation	1998	20.7	1494	20.2	504	22.2	χ² = 4.3, p = 0.04
	Self-injury	136	1.4	108	1.5	28	1.2	χ² = 0.65, p = 0.42
	Alcohol/drugs	302	3.1	233	3.2	69	3.0	χ² = 0.07, p = 0.79
	Physical illness	5511	57.1	4307	58.3	1204	53.1	χ² = 18.9, p < 0.001
	Hallucinations	1354	14.1	1058	14.4	296	13.1	χ² = 2.2, p = 0.14
	Depressed mood	1416	14.7	1083	14.7	333	14.7	χ² = 0.002, p = 0.96
	Daily living	5981	62.1	4601	62.5	1380	61.0	χ² = 1.75, p = 0.19
	Living conditions	1220	12.8	952	13.1	268	11.9	χ² = 1.9, p = 0.17
	Missing^c	513		452		315
Last recorded dementia diagnosis	Alzheimer’s disease	5166	51.0	3884	50.5	1282	52.5	χ² = 13.8, p = 0.008
	Vascular dementia	2223	21.9	1741	22.6	482	19.7
	Lewy body dementia	299	2.9	237	3.1	62	2.5
	Other dementia	691	6.8	529	6.9	162	6.6
	Unspecified dementia	1758	17.3	1302	16.9	456	18.7
Year of diagnosis	2008	1215		1015	83.5	200	16.5	χ² = 371.8, p < 0.001
	2009	1177		970	82.4	207	17.6
	2010	1346		1094	81.3	252	18.7
	2011	1445		1162	80.4	283	19.6
	2012	1476		1131	76.6	345	23.4
	2013	1545		1153	74.6	392	25.4
	2014	1515		944	62.3	571	37.7
	2015	418		224	53.6	194	46.4

HoNOS health of the Nation Outcome Scale, MMSE mini-mental state examination

^aChi square test used to compare characteristics between admitted and non-admitted groups for categorical variables and t test used for continuous variables

^bBased on clinical assessment nearest to first dementia diagnosis

^cFigure for missing HoNOS score is for the HoNOS domain with most missing information