Fig. 3.

Changing impacts of light absorbing impurities (LAI) on snow following fire based on 2017 sampling of chronosequence of western burned forests (Fig. 1). a Photographs of snow-surface samples. b Black carbon and dust concentrations. c Organic and inorganic debris concentrations. d Measured (dark cyan dots and solid line) and SNICAR-modeled (dark cyan triangles and dashed line) snow albedo, with associated 15 January hourly, average, post-fire radiative forcing on snow for measured (dark red dots and solid line) and SNICAR-modeled (dark red triangles and dashed line) albedo values. Error bars indicate one standard deviation