Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants, N = 2624.
| Characteristic | Control (n = 1135) | Hypertension (n = 1489) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male, N(%) | 436(38.4%) | 669(44.5%) | 0.001 |
| Age, years (Median) | 62(58–65) | 62(59–65) | 0.016 |
| BMI, mean ± SD, kg/m2 | 23.91 ± 3.02 | 25.48 ± 3.16 | <0.001 |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | 823(72.5%) | 975(65.5%) | <0.001 |
| Former | 100(8.8%) | 232(15.6%) | |
| Current | 212(18.7%) | 282(18.9%) | |
| Alcohol use, N (%) | |||
| Never | 840(74%) | 1001(67.2%) | 0.001 |
| Former | 72(6.3%) | 111(7.5%) | |
| Current | 223(19.6%) | 377(25.3%) | |
| SBP(mmHg) | 128(120–134) | 155(145–170) | <0.001 |
| DBP(mmHg) | 77(71–81) | 90(83–97) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, N(%) | 59(5.2%) | 121(8%) | 0.005 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 5.53(5.16–6.05) | 5.58(5.36–6.57) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity | |||
| Never | 124(10.9%) | 154(10.3%) | 0.858 |
| Sometimes | 516(45.5%) | 648(46.1%) | |
| Often | 495(43.6%) | 653(43.5%) | |
| Total Cholesterol, mean ± SD, mmol/L | 5.39(4.72–6.02) | 5.43(4.80–6.06) | 0.201 |
| TG, mean ± SD, mmol/L | 1.16(0.84–1.62) | 1.37(0.99–1.94) | <0.001 |
| HDL-c, mean ± SD, mmol/L | 1.45(1.22–1.71) | 1.36(1.16–1.60) | <0.001 |
| LDL-c, mean ± SD, mmol/L | 3.3(2.76–3.87) | 3.38(2.89–3.96) | 0.008 |
| Creatinine, mean ± SD, umol//l | 62.62(57.10–73.50) | 64.48(57.17–75.01) | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive use, N(%)# | 314(21.1%) | ||
| β-blockers | — | 59(4%) | |
| ACEI | — | 10(0.7%) | |
| ARB | — | 63(4.2%) | |
| Calcium antagonists | — | 136(9.1%) | |
| Diuretics | — | 4(0.3%) | |
| Other Antihypertensive | — | 70(4.2%) | |
TG, Triglycerides; HDL-c, High-density lipoprotein; LDL-c, Low-density lipoprotein; ACEI, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, Angiotensin receptor blockers.
#The figures and percentile for anti-hypertensive drugs describe the N(%) within hypertension group.