Table 2.
Multilevel regression coefficients of selectivity of migration, language similarity, and destination country institutions on the level of ethnic inequality in three educational outcomesa
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net ethnic gap in student test scores | |||||
| Selective migration index | 0.311*** | 0.174** | 0.297 | 0.136∼ | − 0.042 |
| (3.39) | (2.67) | (0.58) | (1.82) | (− 0.59) | |
| Same language in origin and destination countries | 0.159 | 0.258* | 0.257* | 0.113 | 0.118 |
| (1.12) | (2.23) | (2.20) | (0.91) | (0.94) | |
| Migrant integration policy (MIPEX/10) | 0.154*** | 0.155*** | |||
| (3.34) | (3.38) | ||||
| Selective migration index * (MIPEX/10) | − 0.018 | ||||
| (− 0.27) | |||||
| Tracking index | − 0.187** | − 0.180** | |||
| (− 2.87) | (− 2.85) | ||||
| Selective migration index * Tracking index | − 0.214* | ||||
| (− 2.01) | |||||
| Constant | − 0.173 | − 1.186** | − 1.193*** | − 0.230∼ | − 0.231∼ |
| (− 1.10) | (− 3.25) | (− 3.32) | (− 1.76) | (− 1.80) | |
| Variance between countries | 3.08e−23 | 5.00e−23*** | 1.25e−24 | 7.61e−17*** | 8.25e−23 |
| (− 0.38) | (− 7.28) | (− 0.29) | (− 5.96) | (− 0.26) | |
| Variance between ethnic groups within countries | 0.146*** | 0.101*** | 0.101*** | 0.114*** | 0.112*** |
| (− 3.91) | (− 8.68) | (− 5.55) | (− 4.90) | (− 4.04) | |
| Observations | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 |
| Net ethnic gap in academic versus vocational track | |||||
| Selective migration index | 0.727*** | 0.727*** | − 1.071∼ | 0.727*** | 0.610*** |
| (7.12) | (7.09) | (− 1.75) | (7.09) | (5.58) | |
| Same language in origin and destination countries | − 0.055 | − 0.054 | − 0.044 | − 0.055 | − 0.050 |
| (− 0.69) | (− 0.69) | (− 0.53) | (− 0.69) | (− 0.63) | |
| Migrant integration policy (MIPEX/10) | 0.083* | 0.070∼ | |||
| (2.39) | (1.87) | ||||
| Selective migration index * (MIPEX/10) | 0.230** | ||||
| (3.08) | |||||
| Tracking index | − 0.095*** | − 0.088** | |||
| (− 3.55) | (− 3.22) | ||||
| Selective migration index * Tracking index | − 0.150** | ||||
| (− 2.71) | |||||
| Constant | 0.219** | − 0.317 | − 0.219 | 0.222*** | 0.223*** |
| (3.00) | (− 1.38) | (− 0.89) | (4.68) | (4.42) | |
| Variance between countries | 0.017*** | 0.010*** | 0.011*** | 0.006*** | 0.006*** |
| (− 6.95) | (− 18.95) | (− 17.69) | (− 8.14) | (− 8.22) | |
| Variance between ethnic groups within countries | 0.047*** | 0.047*** | 0.044*** | 0.047*** | 0.047*** |
| (− 22.81) | (− 22.72) | (− 20.12) | (− 22.72) | (− 22.73) | |
| Observations | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
| Net ethnic gap in completion of upper secondary education | |||||
| Selective migration index | 0.184 | 0.184 | 1.187 | 0.184 | − 0.457 |
| (0.97) | (0.97) | (1.13) | (0.97) | (− 0.71) | |
| Same language in origin and destination countries | − 0.094∼ | − 0.094∼ | − 0.100* | − 0.094∼ | − 0.073 |
| (− 1.89) | (− 1.89) | (− 2.00) | (− 1.89) | (− 1.35) | |
| Migrant integration policy (MIPEX/10) | − 0.068 | − 0.058 | |||
| (− 1.22) | (− 1.09) | ||||
| Selective migration index * (MIPEX/10) | − 0.136 | ||||
| (− 1.05) | |||||
| Tracking index | − 0.177*** | − 0.162** | |||
| (− 3.64) | (− 3.20) | ||||
| Selective migration index * Tracking index | − 0.589 | ||||
| (− 0.97) | |||||
| Constant | 0.080 | 0.530∼ | 0.459 | − 0.002 | − 0.004 |
| (0.76) | (1.68) | (1.56) | (− 0.04) | (− 0.08) | |
| Variance between countries | 0.056*** | 0.051*** | 0.050*** | 0.027*** | 0.023*** |
| (− 6.87) | (− 5.06) | (− 5.11) | (− 5.96) | (− 6.35) | |
| Variance between ethnic groups within countries | 0.053*** | 0.053*** | 0.051*** | 0.053*** | 0.051*** |
| (− 7.45) | (− 7.46) | (− 7.82) | (− 7.46) | (− 7.90) | |
| Observations | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 |
t statistics in parentheses
∼p < 0.10; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
aThe unit of observation is migrant group within destination country