Table 2.
Associations of potential risk factors with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus and latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult analyzed by univariate logistic regression
| Variables | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | LADA | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| Age | 1.02 (1.01–1.02) | <0.001 | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 0.782 |
| Sex | 1.06 (0.90–1.25) | 0.480 | 0.65 (0.32–1.32) | 0.236 |
| Duration | 1.11 (1.10–1.13) | <0.001 | 1.09 (1.03–1.15) | 0.002 |
| BMI | 0.98 (0.95–1.00) | 0.092 | 1.00 (0.93–1.08) | 0.926 |
| SBP | 1.02 (1.01–1.02) | <0.001 | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | 0.001 |
| DBP | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.072 | 1.06 (1.01–1.10) | 0.012 |
| TC | 1.03 (0.96–1.11) | 0.400 | 1.31 (0.93–1.85) | 0.125 |
| TG | 0.93 (0.88–0.98) | 0.011 | 0.99 (0.74–1.33) | 0.964 |
| HDL‐C | 1.29 (0.99–1.67) | 0.055 | 1.66 (0.72–3.80) | 0.232 |
| LDL‐C | 1.02 (0.94–1.11) | 0.657 | 1.14 (0.77–1.69) | 0.500 |
| HbA1c | 1.08 (1.04–1.13) | <0.001 | 1.13 (0.95–1.34) | 0.158 |
| SD[Link] | 1.30 (1.19–1.41) | <0.001 | 1.05 (0.72–1.53) | 0.788 |
| CV[Link] | 1.16 (1.07–1.26) | <0.001 | 0.75 (0.49–1.14) | 0.177 |
| MAGE[Link] | 1.21 (1.11–1.31) | <0.001 | 0.97 (0.66–1.44) | 0.888 |
Odds ratios and P‐values were calculated for each one standard deviation (SD) increase in SD, coefficient of variation (CV) or mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE). BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DR, diabetic retinopathy; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LADA, latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.