Table 4.
Independent associations of potential risk factors with diabetic retinopathy in latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| Sex | 0.26 (0.08–0.82) | 0.021 | 0.24 (0.08–0.75) | 0.014 | 0.26 (0.08–0.84) | 0.023 |
| Duration | 1.10 (1.01–1.20) | 0.034 | 1.11 (1.02–1.22) | 0.018 | 1.10 (1.01–1.20) | 0.036 |
| BMI | 0.98 (0.80–1.19) | 0.827 | 0.98 (0.81–1.20) | 0.860 | 0.99 (0.81–1.21) | 0.922 |
| SBP | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) | 0.152 | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) | 0.221 | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) | 0.199 |
| DBP | 1.01 (0.93–1.10) | 0.789 | 1.01 (0.93–1.10) | 0.762 | 1.01 (0.93–1.10) | 0.811 |
| TC | 1.06 (0.60–1.88) | 0.828 | 1.11 (0.63–1.94) | 0.729 | 1.08 (0.62–1.90) | 0.780 |
| HDL‐C | 0.55 (0.14–2.23) | 0.405 | 0.73 (0.19–2.85) | 0.654 | 0.62 (0.15–2.51) | 0.506 |
| HbA1c | 1.30 (0.98–1.73) | 0.070 | 1.34 (1.02–1.76) | 0.038 | 1.30 (0.98–1.73) | 0.071 |
| SD* | 1.43 (0.85–2.39) | 0.175 | / | / | / | / |
| CV* | / | / | 0.92 (0.54–1.59) | 0.769 | / | / |
| MAGE* | / | / | / | / | 1.27 (0.74–2.21) | 0.388 |
Model 1 is adjusted for age, duration, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and standard deviation (SD); model 2 is adjusted for age, duration, BMI, SBP, DBP, TC, HDL, HbA1c and coefficient of variation (CV); model 3 is adjusted for age, duration, BMI, SBP, DBP, TC, HDL, HbA1c and MAGE. *ORs and P‐values were calculated for each one standard deviation increase in SD, CV or mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE). CI, confidence interval.