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. 2018 Nov 17;10(3):827–836. doi: 10.1111/jdi.12947

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© 2018 The Authors. Journal of Diabetes Investigation published by Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes (AASD) and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Direct and mediating effects of birthweight and body mass index (BMI) at three different life stages on adult‐onset diabetes for (a) the entire analytic cohort and (b) participants without parental history of diabetes. The effect of each bodyweight index was expressed as the odds ratio associated with a 1‐point increase in z‐score. The z‐score was calculated based on the growth curve for gestational age (for birthweight) or on the Japan National Nutrition Survey (for BMI at age 18 years and current BMI). Adjusted for age at survey (continuous). For the entire analytic cohort, a history of diabetes in the father or mother was additionally adjusted. *The marked plot indicates that the odds ratio was statistically significantly higher or lower than one (P < 0.05).