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. 2019 Apr 26;13:151. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00151

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Copyright © 2019 Latonen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Nucleolar reorganization upon stress. The nucleolus reacts to different types of stress by structural deformations. (A) A normal interphase nucleolus under homeostasis shows tripartite structure composed around rDNA. (B) Upon DRB treatment, when RNApolI transcription remains active but rRNA processing is impaired, so called nucleolar necklaces are formed. (C) Nucleolar segregation, or nucleolar caps, are formed when RNApolI transcription is inactivated, e.g., with Actinomycin D. (D) Nucleolar aggresomes are formed within the nucleolus, in the nucleolar detention centers, upon proteotoxic insults such as proteasome inhibition and heat schock. This may or may not involve inhibited RNApolI activity.