FIGURE 1.

Intravitreal injection of metformin significantly improves the visual function of rd1 mice. Light/dark transition tests and ERG tests were performed at P14, P18, and P22 in rd1 and C57 mice. (A) This diagram represents the experimental protocol timeline. (B) The light/dark transition test box comprised a dark compartment (one-third of the floor area) and a larger illuminated compartment (two-thirds of the floor area). There was a small opening in the ground plane in the middle of the dividing wall that allowed the mouse to pass freely from box to box. (C,D) The time of duration in the dark zone in C57 and rd1 mice treated with PBS or metformin. n = 5 mice per group. (E,F) ERG waveforms at the 0.5 log cd⋅s/m²-light intensity and a comparison of a-and b-wave amplitudes in the control and metformin-treated groups at different periods. (E) C57 mice; (F) rd1 mice. ^∗P < 0.05, ^∗∗P < 0.01, ^∗∗∗P < 0.001, ^∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001. n = 5 mice per group.