Table 1.
miRNAs and morphine tolerance
| Name | Change | Drug studied | Tissue | Function |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-16 | Decreased | Morphine | CEM ×174 cell | Binds to the MOR-1 mRNA 3’-UTR and suppress OPRM1 gene expression.74 |
| miR-103/miR-107 | Increased | Morphine/fentanyl | Mouse (prefrontal cortex)/human embryonic kidney 293(HEK293 cells)/Be(2)C cells | Downregulates polyribosome-associated MOR-1A in both Be(2)C cells and the striatum of a morphine-tolerant mice.44 |
| miR-339 | Increased | Morphine | Mouse hippocampus/mouse neuroblastoma neuro2A(N2A) cell | Inhibits the production of MOR protein by destabilizing MOR mRNA.43 |
| miR-let-7 family | Increased | Morphine | Mouse brain/HEK293 cells | Mediates movement of MOR mRNA into P-bodies, leading to translational repression.39 |
| miR-23b | Increased | Morphine | Human neuronal cell lines (NMB)/HEK293 cells | Inhibits lysome-mRNA association with MOR (mouse neuronal N2A cells).75 |
| miR-365 | Decreased | Morphine | Spinal cord (rat) | Involved in morphine tolerance development and maintenance through regulation of β-arrestin 2.51 |
| miR-219-5p | Decreased | Morphine | Spinal cord (rat) | Alleviates morphine tolerance by inhibiting the CaMKIIγ/NMDA receptor pathway.55 |
| miR-190 | Decreased | Morphine/fentanyl | Hippocampus (mouse) | A key post-transcriptional repressor of neurogenic differentiation factor NeuroD.76 |
| miR-338 | Decreased | Morphine | Spinal cord (rat) | Regulated by miR-338, CXCR4 was significantly increased, and play an important role in morphine tolerance.77 |
| miR-223-3p | Increased | Morphine | Spinal cord (rat) | Upregulates the expression of NLRP3 to facilitate morphine analgesic tolerance.64 |
| miR-375 | Increased | Morphine | Dorsal root ganglia (DRG:mouse) | Ameliorates morphine tolerance by downregulating JAK2/STAT3 expression.78 |