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. 2019 May 2;9:6832. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43243-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Location of sample plots (black dots n = 33,711) in Quebec (Canada) where black spruce trees were sampled for tree-ring measurements. The numbers correspond to bioclimatic domains which were mainly associated with variations in mean annual temperature along the latitudinal gradient of the studied territory. 1: sugar maple-bitternut hickory domain; 2: sugar maple-basswood domain; 3: sugar maple-yellow birch domain; 4: balsam fir-yellow birch domain; 5: balsam fir-white birch domain; 6: spruce-moss domain. Map created using ArcGIS (version10.3) software from Esri inc. (http://www.esri.com/arcgis/). Data for base maps from https://www.donneesquebec.ca/recherche/fr/dataset/systeme-hierarchique-de-classification-ecologique-du-territoire and https://www.donneesquebec.ca/recherche/fr/dataset/base-de-donnees-geographiques-et-administratives-a-lechelle-de-1-1-000-000 used with permission under a Creative Commons 4.0—Attribution CC BY.