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. 2019 May 2;9:6841. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43298-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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IC-2 increases the production and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). (A) mRNA expression of fibrolytic genes in MSCs on day 7 in vitro (n = 3, mean ± S.D., **P < 0.01, Student’s t-test). (B) In vitro activities of MMP-1 and MMP-14 in MSCs on day 7 (n = 3, mean ± S.D., **P < 0.01, one-way ANOVA, Tukey test). (C) Expression of MMPs in the secretome of MSCs in vitro. (D) Images of liver tissue used in the experiments and enzymatic activities of MMPs in liver tissues containing cell sheets. Data are expressed as activity relative to that in the CCl₄(−) group. CCl₄(−) indicates control mice without CCl₄ intoxication. Images of liver tissues used in these experiments (left). MMP activities (middle) and activities of total MMPs (right), consisting of active enzyme and latent pro-enzyme (n = 6, mean ± S.E.M., *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, one-way ANOVA, Games–Howell test). (E) Linear regression analysis of relative activities of active MMP-1 (left) or active MMP-14 (right) with respect to hepatic hydroxyproline content 9 days after transplantation (n = 12, Pearson’s correlation coefficient).