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. 2019 Mar 27;11:2405–2414. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S196273

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© 2019 Peng et al.

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(A) Metformin significantly decreases Clusterin expression. Murine bladder cancer cells (MB49) were treated with metformin for 48 hrs and Clusterin expression was detected using Western blot, ß-actin as a loading control. (B) metformin inhibited cells migration in wound healing assays. (C) Clusterin expression in tissues was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Three groups of specimens (N=3 for adjacent normal tissues (NT), non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) tissues, respectively) were paraffin-embedded, sectioned and immunohistochemically stained with anti-Clusterin.