Table 3.
Comparison of CV Outcomes in Patients With ACS Compared With Those With NFAA
| Author | Sample Size | Outcome | Cardiovascular Outcomes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACSa | pACSb | NFAA | ACS vs NFAA | ||
| Yener et al. (25) | 42 | 231c | CVE (acute coronary syndrome, CAD, CABG, PAD, cerebrovascular disease, PCI, or stroke) | Prevalence of CVE: ACS 19.5% vs NFAA 6.7%, P < 0.016 | |
| Debono et al. (26) | 19 | 92 | 95d | All-cause mortality | All-cause mortality: ACS vs NFAA, HR 22.0 (95% CI, 2.6–188.3) |
| Mean survival | Survival ACS 6.9 y (95% CI, 5.6–8.3) vs pACS 7.3 (95% CI, 6.8–7.8) vs NFAA 8.4 (95% CI, 8.2–8.6), P < 0.001 | ||||
| Di Dalmazi et al. (18) | 10 | 59 | 129d | CHD | CHD prevalence: ACS 18% vs NFAA 7%, P < 0.03 |
| Stroke | Stroke prevalence: ACS 13% vs NFAA 4%, P = 0.03 | ||||
| MI | CVE incidence: ACS 16.7% vs NFAA 6.7%, P < 0.004 | ||||
| CVD-specific mortality | CVE incidence: ACS vs NFAA unadjusted HR 3.01 (95% CI, 1.04–8.72), P = 0.04 | ||||
| CVD-specific mortality at 15 y (unadjusted) ACS 22.6% vs NFAA 2.5%, P = 0.02 | |||||
| All-cause mortality (unadjusted) at 15 y: ACS 43.0% vs NFAA 8.8%, P = 0.005 | |||||
| Morelli et al. (19) | 39 | 167c | CVE (CHD, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke) | CVE prevalence: ACS 20.5% vs NFAA 6.0%, P < 0.05 | |
| CVE incidence: ACS 20.5% vs NFAA 8.4%, P = 0.04 | |||||
| CVE incidence in ACS vs NFAA OR: 2.7 (95% CI, 1.0–7.1); P < 0.04 | |||||
| Morelli et al. (28) | 220e | 298d | CVE (MI, stroke, TIA, angina pectoris, PE, ICH, PAD) | CVE prevalence: ACS 26.8% vs NFAA 10.4%, P < 0.001 | |
| Patrova et al. (27) | 33 | 128 | 204d | All-cause mortality | All-cause mortality: ACS 18.2% vs pACS 11.7% vs 7.8% NFAA, P = 0.019; HR 1.27 (95% CI, 0.86–2.12) |
Abbreviations: CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHD, cardiovascular heart disease; HR, hazard ratio; ICH, intercranial hemorrhage; PAD, peripheral artery disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PE, pulmonary embolism; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
a
Serum cortisol levels after 1-mg DST >138 mmol/L.
b
Serum cortisol levels after 1-mg DST 51–138 mmol/L.
c
Serum cortisol levels after 1-mg DST ≤138 mmol/L.
d
Serum cortisol levels after 1-mg DST ≤50 mmol/L.
e
Serum cortisol levels after 1-mg DST >50 mmol/L.