Table 2.
Comparison between genotypic effects in men and in women
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | γ-glutamyl transferase (IU/L) | Ischaemic stroke (RR) | Intracerebral haemorrhage (RR) | Acute myocardial infarction (RR) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category of genotype and study area* | Men (n=55 879) | Women (n=83 017) | Men (n=9040) | Women (n=8754) | Men (n=8386) | Women (n=8088) | Men (5709 events) | Women (7087 events) | Men (2790 events) | Women (2525 events) | Men (1696 events) | Women (1246 events) | |
| 1 | 129·7 | 129·7 | 1·16 | 1·29 | 28 | 23 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | |
| 2 | 130·0 | 129·4 | 1·16 | 1·29 | 31 | 24 | 1·00 | 0·93 | 1·01 | 1·05 | 1·02 | 0·96 | |
| 3 | 130·5 | 129·2 | 1·17 | 1·28 | 32 | 25 | 1·03 | 0·98 | 1·02 | 1·16 | 1·05 | 0·99 | |
| 4 | 131·6 | 128·5 | 1·19 | 1·28 | 41 | 22 | 1·11 | 0·93 | 1·08 | 1·21 | 0·93 | 0·95 | |
| 5 | 133·0 | 128·4 | 1·24 | 1·28 | 55 | 24 | 1·23 | 0·96 | 1·29 | 1·19 | 0·94 | 1·02 | |
| 6 | 134·1 | 128·5 | 1·30 | 1·29 | 70 | 23 | 1·23 | 0·95 | 1·54 | 1·06 | 0·97 | 0·92 | |
| Effect per 280 g per week mean MALE alcohol intake (95% CI) | 4·3 (3·7 to 4·9) | −0·6 (−1·0 to −0·1) | 0·16 (0·13 to 0·19) | 0·00 (−0·03 to 0·03) | 44 (36 to 53) | 0 (−3 to 3) | 1·27 (1·13 to 1·43) | 0·98 (0·88 to 1·09) | 1·58 (1·36 to 1·84) | 0·96 (0·82 to 1·12) | 0·96 (0·78 to 1·18) | 0·94 (0·74 to 1·20) | |
| p value for effect greater in men than women† | <0·0001 | .. | <0·0001 | .. | <0·0001 | .. | 0·0007 | .. | <0·0001 | .. | 0·45 | .. | |
RR=relative risk.
*
Six categories of genotype and study area; mean values of physiological factors and RRs of disease are adjusted for age and area, leaving only genotypic differences.
†
Genotypic effect on physiological factor (slope per 280 g per week mean MALE alcohol intake) or on disease incidence (RR per 280 g per week mean MALE alcohol intake); since women consumed little alcohol, comparison between these genotypic effects in men and in women can help assess whether the genotypic effects in men are chiefly mediated by alcohol rather than by pleiotropic pathways that influence both sexes similarly.