Table 1.
Association analyses among ischemic stroke patients with or without dementia and normal controls.
| Variable | Normal Control | PSNoD | PSD | Unadjusted/Adjusted P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N, Mean ± SD | N, Mean ± SD | N, Mean ± SD | ||
| Age | 71, 64.03 ± 10.81 | 53, 61.7 ± 8.95 | 20, 69.35 ± 7.24 | 0.014 †, ‡ |
| Gender | 0.17 | |||
| Female | 21 (29.58%) | 12 (22.64%) | 9 (45.00%) | |
| Male | 50 (70.42%) | 41 (77.36%) | 11 (55.00%) | |
| HTN | 0.003†/0.010† | |||
| No | 30 (43.48%) | 14 (26.42%) | 1 (5.00%) | |
| Yes | 39 (56.52%) | 39 (73.58%) | 19 (95.00%) | |
| DM | 0.001 *, †/0.002 *, † | |||
| No | 52 (75.36%) | 27 (50.94%) | 7 (35.00%) | |
| Yes | 17 (24.64%) | 26 (49.06%) | 13 (65.00%) | |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 64, 94.27 ± 25.17 | 53, 83.9 ± 24.91 | 20, 74.55 ± 29.13 | 0.011*, †/0.009*, † |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 60, 125.32 ± 51.86 | 53, 128.92 ± 37.01 | 18, 135.89 ± 44.61 | 0.42/0.77 |
| MRS | 0, – | 53, 0.79 ± 0.77 | 12, 1.50 ± 1.31 | 0.07§/0.08 |
| Post-stroke time (years) | 0, – | 53, 2.63 ± 2.83 | 20, 4.47 ± 3.72 | 0.028§/0.046 |
| MMSE score | 17, 27 ± 2 | 16, 26.13 ± 2.83 | 20, 16.15 ± 6.64 | <0.0001†,‡/ < 0.0001†,‡ |
| Education (years) | 38, 7.45 ± 4.06 | 45, 8.73 ± 4.15 | 20, 4.75 ± 4.42 | 0.005†,‡/0.08 |
| WMH-MRI (Scheltens scale) | 0, – | 26, 8.46 ± 4.47 | 13, 11.92 ± 6.29 | 0.052§/0.12 |
| DAO (ng/ml) | 71, 217.21 ± 83.6 | 53, 265.04 ± 106.42 | 20, 359.16 ± 95.76 | <0.0001 *, †, ‡/ < 0.0001*, †, ‡ |
| Stroke subtypes | 0.49/0.88 | |||
| L | 0, – | 26 (49.06%) | 8 (40.00%) | |
| A | 0, – | 27 (50.94%) | 12 (60.00%) | |
| Stroke loci | 0.47/0.07 | |||
| D | 0, – | 42 (79.25%) | 16 (80.00%) | |
| C | 0, – | 9 (16.98%) | 2 (10.00%) | |
| D+C | 0, – | 2 (3.77%) | 2 (10.00%) |
DAO, D-amino acid oxidase; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MMSE, mini-mental state examination; MRS, Modified Rankin scale; PSD, Post-stroke dementia; PSNoD, Post-stroke without dementia; SD, Standard Deviation; WMH-MRI, White matter hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging. Adjusted P-value: General linear model or logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, and gender. Stroke subtypes: L, lacunar infarction or A, atherothrombotic infarction. Stroke loci: D, deep; C, cortical; D+C, deep + cortical. Kruskal-Wallis test in 3 groups for continuous data and chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for categorical data. Bold values indicate P < 0.05.
Mann-Whitney U-test in 2 groups for continuous data.
The symbol for multiple comparisons (P < 0.05).
Normal Control vs. PSNoD.
Normal Control vs. PSD.
PSNoD vs. PSD.