ADCC antibody titers in rabbit and rhesus macaque (RM) immune sera. Titers of ADCC antibody (Ab) directed against target cells coated with the 1086.C gp120 protein used as a vaccine immunogen in rabbit sera (A) and RM sera (B), measured using the ADCC-GTL assay. (C) No difference (Wilcoxon rank sum test) in gp120-specific ADCC Ab titers was observed between rabbit and RM sera collected 3 weeks after completion of the vaccine regimens (week 19). Titers of ADCC Ab directed against target cells infected with HIV-1 1086.C IMC virus in rabbit sera (D) and RM sera (E), measured using the ADCC-Luc assay. (F) Higher infected cell-specific ADCC Ab titers were observed between rabbit and RM sera collected at week 19. Final data were normalized by subtraction of nonspecific activity observe preimmunization (week 0). For all graphs, open symbols represent animals that received the systemic i.m./i.m. vaccine regimen, and filled symbols represent animals that received the mucosal i.n./i.m.+i.n. vaccine regimen. Medians are indicated with a horizontal line, and error bars indicate the interquartile range. P values were calculated by Wilcoxon rank sum tests.