. 2019 Jan 7;3(5):1800090. doi: 10.1002/gch2.201800090

Table 3.

Ce 3d XPS peak assignments for pure CeO₂ and Ce_1−xGd_xO₂ (x = 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10) samples

Sample	Peak assignment	Ce 3d_5/2					Ce 3d_3/2					Ce³⁺ [%]	Ce⁴⁺ [%]	Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺
		v _o Ce³⁺	v Ce⁴⁺	v′ Ce³⁺	v″ Ce⁴⁺	v‴ Ce⁴⁺	u _o Ce³⁺	u Ce⁴⁺	u′ Ce³⁺	u″ Ce⁴⁺	u‴ Ce⁴⁺
Pure CeO₂	Binding energy [eV]	882.5	884.7	887.7	890.7	898.7	900.7	903.1	905.6	909.8	918.8	34.23	65.76	0.52
Ce_0.98Gd_0.02O₂		883	884.5	887	890.5	898.5	900.6	903	904.9	909.5	918.6	38.86	61.13	0.63
Ce_0.96Gd_0.04O₂		882.4	884.6	887.3	890.8	898.3	900.6	903.1	905.5	909.5	918.9	41.36	58.63	0.70
Ce_0.94Gd_0.06O₂		883.7	885.1	887.6	891.2	899.3	901.1	903.4	905.6	909.9	919.2	35.04	64.95	0.54
Ce_0.92Gd_0.08O₂		882.4	884.4	887.2	890.8	898.1	900.4	902.9	905.4	909.5	918.6	39.50	60.49	0.65
Ce_0.90Gd_0.10O₂		884.4	886.3	888.9	892.7	900.6	902.4	904.7	907.3	911.3	920.6	33.61	66.38	0.51