FIG 2.

Dual-species biofilms formed using clinical commensals and S. mutans. Each commensal was mixed with UA159-Km in equal proportions and inoculated into BM supplemented with 18 mM Glc and 2 mM sucrose (BMGS) to form biofilms overnight on glass coverslips. BMGS was then replaced by BM supplemented with 20 mM Glc, GlcN, or GlcNAc and incubated for another 24 h before visualization by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) after LIVE/DEAD staining (A) and CFU quantification of both species (B). Biofilms formed by UA159-Km alone were included for comparison. Values show the percentages of the populations constituted by commensal bacteria (top) and S. mutans (bottom), respectively. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences in the viable counts of S. mutans compared to that on BMGlc. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001.