Figure 4.

OMVs and wP vaccines induce CD4 T_RM cells in lungs. C57BL/6 mice were immunized as described in Figure 2. Fourteen days post-immunization, mice were i.v. injected with anti-CD45-PE antibody 10 min before euthanasia. Lung tissue was taken from all mice and the T cell response was analyzed by flow cytometry. Only tissue-resident cells (CD45-PE negative) were included in the analysis. Absolute counts of CD4⁺ T_RM (CD45–, CD44+, CD62L⁻, CD69+, CD103+/–, CD4+). Data are mean ± SEM (n = 4 mice) for CD4⁺ T_RM cells from lungs. ^*p < 0.05, two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple-comparison test. Representative flow cytometry plots are shown on the right.