TABLE 3.
Characteristics of prospective cohort studies of total dietary and cereal fiber intake and risk of T2D1
| Author (reference) | Sex | Age, y | n | Follow-up, y | Exposure measurement | Exposure categories | T2D outcome ascertainment | Adjustments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meyer (11) | F | 55–69 | 35,988 | 6 | FFQ | Quintiles | Self-report | Age, energy intake, BMI, education, smoking, alcohol, physical activity |
| Stevens (35) | Age, sex, BMI, education, physical activity | |||||||
| White | M/F | 45–64 | 9529 | 9 | FFQ | —2 | Self-report/exam | |
| African American | M/F | 45–64 | 2722 | 9 | FFQ | — | Self-report/exam | |
| Montonen (12) | Age, energy intake, BMI, geographic area, | |||||||
| Men | M | 40–69 | 2286 | 10 | Diet history | Quartiles | Self-report/exam | smoking, dietary factors |
| Women | F | 40–69 | 2030 | 10 | Diet history | Quartiles | Self-report/exam | |
| Hodge (31) | F | 40–69 | 31,641 | 4 | FFQ | — | Self-report | Age, sex, BMI, education, physical activity |
| Schulze (33) | F | 24–44 | 91,249 | 8 | FFQ | Quintiles | Self-report | Age, BMI, energy intake, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, use of medication, family history of T2D, history of hypertension/high cholesterol, dietary factors |
| Barclay (30) | M/F | 49+ | 2123 | 10 | FFQ | — | Self-report | Age, sex, physical activity, family history of T2D, smoking, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol |
| Krishnan (38) | F | 21–69 | 40,078 | 8 | FFQ | Quintiles | Self-report | Age, energy intake, BMI, education, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, family history of T2D, dietary factors |
| Schulze (34) | 39% M 61% F | 35–65 | 25,067 | 7 | FFQ | Quintiles | Self-report | Age, sex, energy intake, education, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, dietary factors |
| Wannamethee (36) | M | 60–79 | 34,248 | 7 | 7-d recall FFQ | Quartiles | Self-report/medical records | Age, energy intake, waist circumference, smoking, alcohol physical activity, SES, stroke, MI, use of statins |
| Hopping (32) | Age, ethnicity, energy intake, BMI, physical activity, education | |||||||
| Men | M | 45–75 | 36,256 | 14 | FFQ | 5 groups | Self-report/medical records | |
| Women | F | 45–75 | 39,256 | 14 | FFQ | 5 groups | Self-report/medical records | |
| Slujis (37) | 26% M 74%F | 21–70 | 37,846 | 10 | FFQ | — | Self-report | Age, BMI, waist circumference, education, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, family history of T2D, dietary factors |
1
MI, myocardial infarction; SES, socioeconomic status; T2D, type 2 diabetes.
2
Categorical data not provided.