TABLE 5.

Weighted mean difference in post-treatment metabolic biomarker concentrations comparing whole-grain intervention groups to controls

Metabolic biomarkers	Studies, n	Weighted mean difference (95% CI)
Fasting insulin, pmol/L	10	−0.29 (−0.59, 0.01)
Fasting glucose, mmol/L	11	−0.93 (−1.65, −0.21)
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	16	−0.83 (−1.24, −0.42)
LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L	15	−0.72 (−1.34, −0.11)
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg	6	−0.06 (−0.21, 0.10)
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg	6	−0.05 (−0.21, 0.11)
Weight gain, kg	9	−0.18 (−0.54, 0.18)