Table 3.
Outcomes and significant results
| Outcome | Study | Outcome (original title) | Instrumenta | Mean (standard deviation) / sample size (percent) at baseline | BL-Postinterventionb | BL-Follow up (3 months)c | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diff. | d | p | Diff. | d | p | ||||||
| Psychosocial–coordinative support | |||||||||||
| Anxiety | White et al. 2012 [111] | Anxiety | HADS (≥8) | IG | 60(20%) | – | – | <.01 | |||
| CG | 53(16%) | ||||||||||
| (Health-related) Quality of life | Philippi et al. 2015 [108, 109, 112, 130] | Social participation \(prevalence) | LLFDI-K | IG | 3.1(0.7) | + 0.2 | .33 | .002 | |||
| CG | 3.3(0.6) | ||||||||||
| Use of services | White et al. 2012 [111] | Use of services | Counting | IG | 1.1(1.2) | -1,2 | −1.0 | <.001 | |||
| CG | 1.9(1.2) | ||||||||||
| Further outcomes | White et al. 2012 [111] | Colorectal symptoms | CCSC | IG | 3.0(2.0) | + 0.3 | .14 | .02 | |||
| CG | 2.7(2.1) | ||||||||||
| Philippi et al. 2015 [108, 109, 112, 130] | Self-efficacy expectation | S-JS | IG | 2.7(0.7) | + 0.2 | .33 | .032 | ||||
| CG | 2.8(0.6) | ||||||||||
| Need for support | MOS-SS | IG | (−)71.8% | – | – | .022 | – | – | .022 | ||
| CG | (−)47.7% | ||||||||||
| Physical–cognitive activation | |||||||||||
| Anxiety | Haider et al. 2017 [113–116, 127] | Fear of falling | FES-I | IG | 44.1(13.07) | + 3.9 | .34 | .016 | |||
| CG | 41.4(12.07) | ||||||||||
| (Health related) Quality of life | Haider et al. 2017 [113–116, 127] | Activities | WHOQOL-OLD | IG | 49.7(16.3) | – | – | .039 | |||
| CG | 53.8(14.3) | ||||||||||
| Etkin et al. 2006 [117] | Social functioning. | SF-20 | IG | 62.8(−) | + 11.4 | – | .003 | ||||
| Stolee et al. 2012 [119] | QOL (outside) | QOL-Scale | IG | 69.6(29.2) | + 7.9 | .26 | .001 | ||||
| QOL (at home) | QOL-Scale | IG | 51.2(33.3) | + 10.0 | .30 | .009 | |||||
| Physical functioning | Haider et al. 2017 [113–116, 127] | Physical activity | PASE | IG | 33.8(37.1) | + 13.8 | .44 | <.001 | |||
| CG | 31.7(31.7) | ||||||||||
| Physical performance | SPPB | IG | 5.2(2.9) | + 0.9 | .32 | .044 | |||||
| CG | 4.8(2.8) | ||||||||||
| Stolee et al. 2012 [119] | Balance confidence | ABC-Scale | IG | 44.1(19.9) | + 6.6 | .33 | .02 | ||||
| Chair stand | SFTM | IG | 4.95(2.7) | + 2.0 | .74 | <.001 | |||||
| Reaching forward | SFTM | IG | 5.7(3.2) | + 1.6 | .05 | .028 | |||||
| Assistance with medication intake | |||||||||||
| Use of services | Sales 2013 [121] | Readmission for heart failure (overall) | Counting | IG | – | – | 12% ARR | .04 | |||
| CG | – | ||||||||||
| Further outcomes | Sales 2013 [121] | Composite endpoints (overall) | Counting | IG | – | – | 25% ARR | .02 | |||
| Wang et al. 2013 [120] | Knowledge | KAB-MS | IG | 5.6(1.6) | + 0.8 | .28 | .012 | ||||
| CG | 4.8(2.9) | ||||||||||
| Behavior | KAB-MS | ||||||||||
| - when you get medication | IG | – | – | – | .013 | ||||||
| CG | – | ||||||||||
| - Before you take medication | IG | – | – | – | .003 | ||||||
| CG | – | ||||||||||
| - Caring for surplus medications | IG | – | – | – | .025 | ||||||
| CG | – | ||||||||||
a Further information on the instruments can be found in the original studies; b effect from the beginning of treatment until the end of treatment; c effect from the beginning of treatment until three months after the end of treatment; ABC-Scale Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale, ARR absolute risk reduction, CCSC Colorectal Cancer Symptoms Checklist, CG control group, d Effect size Cohen’s d, Diff Mean Difference, FES-I Falls Efficacy Scale – International, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, IG intervention group, KAB-MS Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior Medication Safety questionnaire, LLFDI-K Late Life Function and Disability Instrument – Short version, MOS-SS Medical Outcome Study Social Support Scale, p Significance p, PASE Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, QOL-Scale Quality of life scale, SF-20 Short-Form-Health Survey, 20 Items, SFTM Senior Fitness Test Manual, S-JS General self-efficacy, Jerusalem & Schwarzer (1986), SPPB Short Physical Performance Battery, WHOQOL-OLD World Health Organization Quality of Life for 60+