Table 6.
Summary of volunteer characteristics
| Study | Sample size | Female gender | Mean age (standard deviation) | Prior specific knowledge |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psychosocial–coordinative support | ||||
| White et al. 2012 [111] | 57 | 93% | – | Heterogeneous |
| Philippi et al. 2015 [108, 109, 112, 130] | 35 | 85.7% | 61.2(9.7) | Mainly no |
| Physical–cognitive activation | ||||
| Haider et al. 2017 [113–116, 127] | – | – | 50+ | Mainly no |
| Etkin et al. 2006 [117] | 103 | 89% | 53.2(−) | – |
| Stolee et al. 2012 [119] | 59 | – | – | Heterogeneous |
| Connelly 2008 [118] | 113 | 90% | 50.9(20.7) | – |
| Assistance with medication intake | ||||
| Wang et al. 2013 [120] | 11 | 55% | 45.3(6.6) | Yes |
| Sales 2013 [121] | 6 | – | – | Yes |